Dissatisfaction with Working Conditions in the New York Bank Essay

Disappointment with Working Conditions in the New York Bank - Essay Example It is obviously obvious from the conversation that after the downturn, all partners of the Bank of New York anticipated that the circumstance should pivot and development to be exponential, which has not been the situation. The advertising and client care divisions are liable for maintenance of old clients and securing of new ones, separately. These divisions fall under the human asset the executives whose work is to discover, train, utilize and hold the best human asset. John Doe is the showcasing director for the New York part of the bank of New York. He is answerable for arranging his group whose work is to draw in new clients into the firm. While the client care office has improved its administrations and figured out how to hold a high level of existing clients, the advertising supervisor has neglected to compose his group to acquire new ones. From the start, John was astoundingly viable in spreading his obligations and sorting out his group, an assignment he is bombing nowadays. John has a master’s certificate in the board, a degree he procured in the wake of working in the bank for a long time. He can effectively sort out the advertising group dependent on his high capabilities and work understanding since he has worked in the bank for a long time. Truth be told, before the downturn, he was working admirably and the bank had new clients rushing it corridors bringing about high benefits. At the point when the downturn hit, it influenced John more than some other worker; associates propose that the financial log jam gave him an opportunity to reevaluate his vocation way. The administration had seen that the advertising division representatives were not accomplishing their set targets, and not many of them even thought about it; they appeared to have lost expectation in their job at the bank. As saw by all partners, representatives in the promoting division consistently have something to whine about their work, the bank, clients and numerous different parts of their employments. Results uncovered that every one of them are very demotivated; they work just to cover their tabs. Moreover, all representatives in a gathering that should fill in as a group for most extreme profitability function as discrete elements, essentially bargain their work because of wastefulness coming about because of duplication of endeavors. This duplication is a result of disappointment in the set correspondence channels. The administration needs to take care of the undertakings in the promoting office as the disorder coming about because of John’s wastefulness is imperiling the fate of the bank. The fundamental proposition is for the administration to encourage changes that will result to improved correspondence, support advancement, expanded discussion with workers, and high yet economical productivity being used of assets. Little correspondence, or absence of it, among representatives and among workers and the board, has made the circumstance ar rive at disturbing levels. There ought to be discussions where representatives can tell the administration pretty much the entirety of their interests on issues influencing them in the working environment, and the board ought to have a method of voicing its interests while considering employees’ government assistance. Individuals from the gathering should cooperate to empower holding, guaranteeing that every one of them feels as a major aspect of a group as opposed to work in separation. Correspondence of representatives with the administration ought not happen when the previous are accepting supreme requests, it ought to incorporate conferences before the last settles on expansive choices.

The Ancient Illyrians Connection to Todays Albanians

The Ancient Illyrians Connection to Todays Albanians Secret hides the specific causes of todays Albanians. Most history specialists of the Balkans accept the Albanian individuals are in huge part relatives of the antiquated Illyrians, who, as other Balkan people groups, were partitioned into clans and tribes. The name Albania is gotten from the name of an Illyrian clan called the Arber, or Arbereshã «, and later Albanoi, that lived close Durrã «s. The Illyrians were Indo-European tribesmen who showed up in the western piece of the Balkan Peninsula around 1000 B.C., a period matching with the finish of the Bronze Age and start of the Iron Age. They occupied a great part of the region for in any event the following thousand years. Archeologists partner the Illyrians with the Hallstatt culture, an Iron Age individuals noted for creation of iron and bronze blades with winged-formed handles and for taming of ponies. The Illyrians involved grounds stretching out from the Danube, Sava, and Morava streams to the Adriatic Sea and the Sar Moun tains. At different occasions, gatherings of Illyrians moved over land and ocean into Italy. The Illyrians carried on business and fighting with their neighbors. The antiquated Macedonians most likely had some Illyrian roots, yet their decision class embraced Greek social attributes. The Illyrians additionally blended with the Thracians, another old individuals with connecting lands on the east. In the south and along the Adriatic Sea coast, the Illyrians were intensely impacted by the Greeks, who established exchanging provinces there. The present-day city of Durrã «s advanced from a Greek province known as Epidamnos, which was established toward the finish of the seventh century B.C. Another well known Greek province, Apollonia, emerged among Durrã «s and the port city of Vlorã «. The Illyrians created and exchanged dairy cattle, ponies, agrarian merchandise, and products designed from privately mined copper and iron. Fights and fighting were consistent unavoidable issues facing everyone for the Illyrian clans, and Illyrian privateers tormented transportation on the Adriatic Sea. Boards of older folks picked the chieftains who headed every one of the various Illyrian clans. Every now and then, nearby chieftains expanded their standard over different clans and framed brief realms. During the fifth century B.C., a very much created Illyrian populace focus existed as far north as the upper Sava River valley in what is presently Slovenia. Illyrian friezes found close to the present-day Slovenian city of Ljubljana portray ceremonial penances, feasts, fights, games, and different exercises. The Illyrian realm of Bardhyllus turned into an imposing nearby force in the fourth century B.C. In 358 B.C., in any case, Macedonias Philip II, father of Alexander the Great, crushed the Illyrians and expected control of their region to the extent Lake Ohrid (see fig. 5). Alexander himself directed the powers of the Illyrian chieftain Clitus in 335 B.C., and Illyrian innate pioneers and fighters went with Alexander on his triumph of Persia. After Alexanders passing in 323 B.C., autonomous Illyrian realms again emerged. In 312 B.C., King Glaucius ousted the Greeks from Durrã «s. Before the finish of the third century, an Illyrian realm based close to what is currently the Albanian city of Shkodã «r controlled pieces of northern Albania, Montenegro, and Hercegovina. Under Queen Teuta, Illyrians assaulted Roman dealer vessels handling the Adriatic Sea and gave Rome a reason to attack the Balkans. In the Illyrian Wars of 229 and 219 B.C., Rome overran the Illyrian settlements in the Neretva River valley. The Romans made new gains in 168 B.C., and Roman powers caught Illyrias King Gentius at Shkodã «r, which they called Scodra, and got him to Rome 165 B.C. After a century, Julius Caesar and his adversary Pompey took on their unequivocal conflict close Durrã «s (Dyrrachium). Rome at long last enslaved unmanageable Illyrian clans in the western Balkans [during the reign] of Emperor Tiberius in A.D. 9. The Romans separated the grounds that make up present-day Albania among the territories of Macedonia, Dalmatia, and Epirus. For around four centuries, Roman guideline brought the Illyrian-populated terrains financial and social progression and finished a large portion of the enervating conflicts among nearby clans. The Illyrian mountain clansmen held neighborhood authority however vowed devotion to the ruler and recognized the authority of his agents. During a yearly occasion regarding the Caesars, the Illyrian mountain dwellers swore reliability to the head and reaffirmed their political rights. A type of this convention, known as the kuvend, has made due to the current day in northern Albania. The Romans set up various military camps and settlements and totally latinized the beach front urban areas. They additionally managed the development of reservoir conduits and streets, including the Via Egnatia, a well known military parkway and exchange course that drove from Durrã «s through the Shkumbin River valley to Macedonia and Byzantium (later Constantinople) Constantinople Initially a Greek city, Byzantium, it was made the capital of the Byzantine Empire by Constantine the Great and was before long renamed Constantinople in his respect. The city was caught by the Turks in 1453 and turned into the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city Istanbul, however the vast majority of the non-Muslim world knew it as Constantinople until around 1930. Copper, black-top, and silver were extricated from the mountains. The primary fares were wine, cheddar, oil, and fish from Lake Scutari and Lake Ohrid. Imports included devices, metalware, extravagance products, and other made articles. Apollonia turned into a social community, and Julius Caesar himself sent his nephew, later the Emperor Augustus, to concentrate there. Illyrians separated themselves as warriors in the Roman armies and made up a noteworthy part of the Praetorian Guard. A few of the Roman sovereigns were of Illyrian birthplace, including Diocletian (284-305), who spared the realm from crumbling by presenting institutional changes, and Constantine the Great (324-37)who acknowledged Christianity and moved the domains capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he called Constantinople. Head Justinian (527-65)who arranged Roman law, manufactured the most well known Byzantine church, the Hagia Sofia, and re-broadened the domains authority over lost regions - was likely likewise an Illyrian. Christianity went to the Illyrian-populated grounds in the main century A.D. Holy person Paul composed that he lectured in the Roman region of Illyricum, and legend holds that he visited Durrã «s. At the point when the Roman Empire was partitioned into eastern and western parts in A.D. 395, the terrains that presently make up Albania were managed by the Eastern Empire yet were religiously subject to Rome. In A.D. 732, be that as it may, a Byzantine ruler, Leo the Isaurian, subjected the region to the patriarchate of Constantinople. For quite a long time from that point, the Albanian terrains turned into a field for the clerical battle among Rome and Constantinople. Most Albanians living in the hilly north got Roman Catholic, while in the southern and focal areas, the greater part got Orthodox. Source [for the Library of Congress]: Based on data from R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Encyclopedia of Military History, New York, 1970, 95; Herman Kinder and Werner Hilgemann, The Anchor Atlas of World History, 1, New York, 1974, 90, 94; and Encyclopedia Britannica, 15, New York, 1975, 1092. Information as of April 1992SOURCE: The Library of Congress - ALBANIA - A Country Study

Why did Slavery Come to be the Dominant Labor System in the Southern Essay

For what reason did Slavery Come to be the Dominant Labor System in the Southern Colonies - Essay Example The workforce in the farming segment in the southern provinces was for the most part included Europeans hirelings who dealt with arrangement premise. In spite of the fact that the Europeans despite everything offered work, African slaves were the better decision for grower since they were modest to keep up and increasingly gainful. By mid seventeenth century there was a monstrous move towards slave work in the south since interest for food was ascending with growing markets. Right now Africans had begun to be sent and be sold as captives to Americans. The atmosphere and soil in the south were more good for horticulture than those of the north. This made the sound to be vigorously subject to work for advancement of manors. The south as expressed above was a perfect locale for horticulture lasting through the year and harvests like tobacco and rice flourished well. These harvests are work concentrated and the terrains were very huge. In this way, a tremendous capability of the southern grounds stayed undiscovered thinking about that there were numerous conduits where yields could be moved to abroad markets. As these ranches developed work deficiencies got exceptional and before the finish of the seventeenth century in excess of 500 Africans had been purchased as captives to satisfy the need (Schneider and Schneider 48). This pattern was before long followed by withdrawal of obligated European workers since many had spared enough to purchase their own property and begin cultivating. America was very large and unexploited by at that point and the Europeans found no explanation not to wander into far away grounds. The Bacon’s Rebellion likewise observed numerous grower discharge white hirelings as they end up being a peril to political dependability. In this respects an option must be tried to counter the departure of the white workers. By mid eighteenth century an aggregate of 235,000 Africans were in America and 85% of them worked in the southern states of Virginia, Georgia, North and South Carolina (73). African slaves anyway came to be completely misused after bombed preliminaries were made on Native Americans (Rodriguez 106). Huge numbers of them passed on from European sicknesses while numerous others fled since they realized the land superior to the Europeans. This left the grower no decision however to take in African slaves. This followed a gigantic development of estates in Georgia and South Carolina which meant expanded creation levels of rice and tobacco. These slaves did a lot of work which the white hirelings had wouldn't accomplish for instance depleting of marshes. West Africans proved to be useful particularly in rice developing ranches since they knew about the sort of work required as their mom lands developed rice. Slaves labored for 15 hours consistently particularly during the collect season (Norton and Sheriff 27). One administrator was required to manage at least 20 slaves accomplishing extremely difficult work a nd when a slave lazed around, the manager should whip them. The way that slaves were modest to purchase and keep up observed grower get them in masses to plant and develop more. As prior demonstrated slaves used to work for a long time for every day which meant guard harvests and thusly blasting ranch business. Numerous manor proprietors like the Byrd family from Virginia went to be very well off (58). Such families met up to frame exclusive classes of grower in the southern states who guaranteed that slave exchange remained on the grounds that it was a help to their riches. Southern settlements had immense fruitful terrains for agribusiness where Europeans functioned as workers on arrangement premise. The unfathomability and the need to develop crops for enormous scope raised the need to have more specialists. Slave exchange was on the ascent by mid seventeenth century and it saw numerous grower purchase African captives to work in

Womans Rights free essay sample

Through the span of the most recent 200 years women’s jobs have experienced various political and social changes. From having practically no â€Å"control over their own lives† (Applebee) to picking up correspondence in the political and social fields, the recorded investigation of ladies in the United States is one without examination. In the right on time to mid 1800’s ladies assumed an insignificant job throughout everyday life. They had little training; after marriage they were to remain at home and just do housework. They couldn't cast a ballot, be a piece of the jury, had little training, and no work. In 1836, the primary ladies abolitionists showed up: Sarah and Angelina Emily Grimke. Angelina composed An Appeal to Christian Women of the South. This called upon ladies to oust this shocking arrangement of persecution and pitilessness. Not very many men bolstered their development. The following development was the Temperance Movement. This development was the push to disallow the drinking of liquor. We will compose a custom article test on Womans Rights or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the nineteenth century; liquor was utilized for everything except for not very many individuals considered tipsiness to be an issue; yet, those behind the restraint development did. â€Å"They held assemblies, delivered handouts, and realized a decrease in utilization of liquor that would proceed into the 1860s† (Bowes). Young ladies had hardly any instruction openings; it was said â€Å"if ladies knew science enough to have ‘the water bubble in a pot’ was sufficient for women† (Bowes). The first women’s school was opened in 1821. In 1837 advanced education was offered for ladies. African American ladies were constrained out of schools and a few schools were closed down on the off chance that they gave instruction to dark ladies. Towards the mid nineteenth century, taught ladies started wellbeing changes. Research found that for each four ladies three were sick and one was sound. The tight, multi-layered attire and sweltering climate made it unfortunate for ladies. It was suggested that the ladies wear looser apparel; men were offended and rebuffed when ladies started to wear pants. Women’s rights developed in the mid nineteenth century. Many change developments took care of the development of the women’s development. It gave ladies expanded chances to act outside their homes. The first women’s rights show was held in New York; it was named Seneca Falls. Almost 300 ladies and men assembled at Wesleyan Methodist Church. Lucy Stone’s sister wrote,â€Å"I can’t vote, yet what care I for that, I would not in the event that I could† (Bowes). The Sojourner Truth was the following represent women’s rights. The conditions for slaves exacerbated, so Isabella Baumfree took the name Sojourner Truth. She chose to visit or travel around the nation getting the message out of cancelation. She contended with others in women’s rights since she trusted in annulment. Truth won the contention with her discourse, which asked men to help women’s rights. During the 1960s, new women’s developments emerged with women's liberation. Woman's rights is â€Å"the conviction that ladies ought to have monetary, political, and social uniformity with men† (Bowes). This won women’s option to cast a ballot in 1920, however women’s rights declined after this accomplishment yet revived during the 1960s. During the 1950s one out of three ladies worked compensation, and women’s openings opened yet they were still closed out. Womens employments paid inadequately, however by 1960s ladies compensation expanded by 40 percent. Most employments for ladies were administrative work, residential help, retail deals, social work, educating, and nursing. Ladies were regularly pushed to the side until President Kennedy tended to the issue in 1961. â€Å"As the women’s rights developed, it accomplished wonderful and suffering political and social increases for women† (Bowes). In 1963, Betty Friedan composed the book The Feminine Mystique, this book urged housewives to start meeting to talk about their lives and their jobs in the public eye. In 1966 a gathering was set up named National Organization for Women (NOW). This gathering of ladies battled for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Their objective was â€Å"to make a move to acquire American ladies into full cooperation the standard of American culture now† (Cayton et al). They needed reasonable compensation and equivalent openings for work; they needed more equalization in relationships. This was the quickest developing gathering in ladies rights. Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendments in 1972. This alteration expresses that ladies and men would have the equivalent and equivalent rights; this was supposed to be â€Å"simple justice† (Bowes). A Stop ERA battle was begun in 1972. Phyllis Schlafly accepted that ERA would prompt a â€Å"parade of horribles,† like drafting ladies, laws ensuring homemakers, the finish of husband’s obligation to accommodate their family, and same sex relationships. So as to dispose of ERA and genius premature birth supporters, traditionalists shaped the â€Å"pro-family† development or the New Right. The New Rights and Women’s Rights conflicted over ERA, however by 1977 women’s rights had the endorsement of 35 of the 38 states required for the development. By 1982, ERA had went down tragically. In 1983, women’s rights held 13. 5 percent of chose state workplaces just as 24 seats in the United States Congress.

Diversity, Learning and Progress

Assorted variety, Learning and Progress Assorted variety, Learning and Progress Presentation: Diversity is tied in with recognizing the dissimilarities in the qualities of individuð °ls that structure their characters and the encounters they have in the public arena. Assorted variety is the level of essential human contrasts among Ð ° given populace. The advanced learning condition faces many learning issues. Todays homerooms don't comprise of homogeneous (uniform) understudy groupings, rather they are made out of heterogeneous (unique) understudy groupings. As our homerooms take on Ð ° new look, our educators ways to deal with showing must change to oblige understudy decent variety. Ð lthough the schools can't control numerous variables that can impact Ð ° understudies scholarly achievement they can improve the manners by which they recently served them. This paper examines decent variety, learning and progress in Ð ° succinct and thorough way. Assorted variety Overseeing decent variety is reð °lly about overseeing contrasts, and Ð ° straightforward preparing program can't achieve it. It is Ð ° culture change; Ð ° culture change started by illuminated directors who can see the vitality and excitement that come about because of catching the best of numerous individuals and thoughts. It isn't sufficient that organizations express their anxiety; they should take actið ¾n to show that assorted variety is vð °lued (Kram, 1996, pp. 90-98). Decent variety, incorporate assorted points of view, approaches and sensitivities of culture, sex, religion, ethnic and natið ¾nð °l starting point, mentalities, financial and personð °l contrasts, sexuð °l orientatið ¾n, physicð °l and mentð °l capacities, culturð °l power bunches versus lion's share culturð °l gatherings, gainful capacities, power, information, status and types of socið °l and culturð °l reproductið ¾n. Accordingly, decent variety the executives implies the creatið ¾n of internð °l and externð °l condition inside which these alternate points of view, approaches and sensitivities are fused and created so as to oversee assorted variety in such Ð ° way that the full potentið °l (efficiency and personð °l aspiratið ¾ns) of individuð °ls and institutið ¾ns might be reð °lised optimð °lly. (Kram, 1996, pp. 90-98). Decent variety action is Ð ° vð °luable asset in the educatið ¾nð °l condition and numerous foundations are seeing the need to execute these projects. Decent variety is normð °lly seen as Ð ° race or sexual orientation issue however assorted variety covers a broad scope of different personð °l contrasts. Assorted variety preparing through movement has become Ð ° need in organizations due to people groups contrasts in the educatið ¾nð °l field. Since organizations are so assorted, Diversity movement projects will help instruct, sharpen and get ready understudies to get Ð °long in the educatið ¾nð °l condition. Issues in learning In socið °l learning hypothesis, advancement and learning are, at the end of the day, indistinguishable procedures; and they comprise each other in a comprehension of learning as participatið ¾n in socið °l forms. The overð °ll overseeing questið ¾n for this survey is: How does socið °l learning hypothesis add to a comprehension of organizatið ¾nð °l realizing, which contrasts from Ð ° purpose of takeoff in individuð °l learning hypothesis? The vast majority of the writing on organizatið ¾nð °l learning and its partner, the Learning Organizatið ¾n, leaves from individuð °l learning hypothesis; and socið °l learning hypothesis in organizatið ¾nð °l learning writing has become out of Ð ° analysis of simply that takeoff. The analysis is explained later, in any case, so, it is that individuð °l learning hypothesis centers around learning as inward mentð °l forms identified with the acquisitið ¾n and handling of informatið ¾n and information. It prompts mind being the locus of learning, and as Ð ° result, Ð ° separatið ¾n of the individuð °l student and the specific situation, for this situation, the organizatið ¾n, for learning (Cazden, 1988, pp. 20-26). Inclusñâ€"ve teð °ching demonstrates that educating in procedures that don't forget about understudies, accidentð °lly or intentið ¾nð °lly, from opportunities to learn. Inclusñâ€"ve instructors reflect on how they educate, just as what they tð µach, so as to utilize the wide scope of encounters and learning styles theñâ€"r understudies bring to the study hall (Cazden, 1988, pp. 20-26). Communñâ€"cating clear expectatið ¾ns, utilizing comprehensive language, and articulating your dedicatið ¾n to honourñâ€"ng differing points of view can Ð °ll add to Ð ° all the more inviting learning condition (Cazden, 1988, pp. 20-26). Additið ¾nð °lly, allowing understudies the chance to give an assessment at various tñâ€"mes Ð °ll through the quarter can Ð °lso be helpful in estimating how well your inclusñâ€"ve systems are workñâ€"ng. There is Ð ° exceptionally clear relatið ¾nship among socið °l and educatið ¾nð °l results in the United Kingdom building up itself from youth. Our educð °tið ¾n framework has created over various years through Ð ° changing society with changing demð °nds and expectations. The vð °lues and assumptið ¾ns that are generally shared all through our general public have decided how and why we instruct and to comprehend why this happened we should consider the historical backdrop of our moderately short educatið ¾n history. Bowles and Gintis (1976) built up a contention they cð °lled Correspondence theory where they accepted that schools were sorted out to compare to the work place. For instance, the relatið ¾nships of the principð °l, educators and understudies compared to relatið ¾nships of the chief, driving hand and specialist. This type of educatið ¾n arranged understudies for various positið ¾ns in the economy in later life and was resolved generally by the status of their family inside society. Todays study halls don't comprise of homogeneous (uniform) understudy groupings, rather they are made out of heterogeneous (extraordinary) understudy groupings. As our study halls take on Ð ° new look, our instructors ways to deal with showing must change to oblige understudy decent variety. Ð lthough the schools can't control numerous variables that can impact Ð ° understudies scholarly achievement they can improve the manners by which they recently served them. At the point when contrasts in understudy accomplishment are distinguished related with elements, for example, race, sexual orientation or financial status, Ð ° predisposition in encouraging methodology must be suspected (Tenbrink, 1974, pp. 16-21). Observing Progress Research on self-observing typicð °lly has utilized multi-thing, self-report measures to recognize individuals high and low in self-checking. The two most often utilized estimating instruments are simply the 25 trueâ€fð °lse things of the originð °l Self-Monitoring Scð °le and a 18-thing refinement of this measure. Empiricð °l investigatið ¾ns of testable speculations generated without anyone else observing hypothesis have collected into Ð ° sizable distributed writing. Among others, it incorporates investigations of the relatið ¾n of self-observing to expressive control, socið °l perceptið ¾n, correspondence between private conviction and open actið ¾n, inclinations to be affected by interpersonð °l expectatið ¾ns, penchants to tailor conduct to explicit situatið ¾ns and jobs, helplessness to promoting, and orientatið ¾ns toward fellowship and sentimental relatið ¾nships. It might be referenced that not long after its inceptið ¾n, self-observing was offered as Ð ° partið °l resolutið ¾n of the â€Å"traits versus situatið ¾ns† and â€Å"attitudes and behavior† discussions in personð °lity and socið °l brain science. The propositið ¾ns of self-observing hypothesis unmistakably recommended that the conduct of low self-screens should be promptly anticipated from proportions of their mentalities, attributes, and dispositið ¾ns while that of high self-screens should be best anticipated from information on highlights of the situatið ¾ns in which they work. Self-checking guaranteed Ð ° â€Å"moderator variable† resolutið ¾n to discusses concerning the general jobs of individual and situatið ¾n in deciding conduct. These issues set the plan for the main flood of research on self-checking (Tenbrink, 1974, pp. 16-21). To be brief checking is the procedure of creð °ting and changing experience into information, capacities, perspectives, vð °lues, emotið ¾ns, convictions and faculties. It is simply the strategy through which individuð °ls become. References Kram, K. E. furthermore, Hð °ll, D. T. (1996). Coaching in Ð ° setting of decent variety and choppiness . In S. Lobel and E. Kossek (eds.), Human Resource Strategies for Managing Diversity . Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 90-98. Cazden, C. B. (1988). Homeroom talk: The language of instructing and learning . Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, pp. 30-35. Lindfors, J. W. (1987). Childrens language and learning . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hð °ll, pp. 2026. Tenbrink T D (1974) Evð °luatið ¾n Ð ° practicð °l control for instructors Maple press, pp. 16-21.

Cheap Research Paper Writing Service

Cheap Research Paper Writing ServiceThe cost of a high quality research paper writing service is actually cheap. It's really not a good idea to go to the individual who wrote your paper for a final copy. If you have done all of your own research and have worked on it well, you are the best person to read through it, especially if you are on a tight budget.You can find a cheap research paper writing service without paying too much money for them. They should be very honest with you as to why they charge what they do and what will be covered in the final copy. You can learn a lot from someone else's mistakes, if you ask the right questions.A standard research paper writing service will charge about three hundred dollars. This includes extra services such as proofreading and editing. They also offer technical editing services for an additional fee. If you want a final draft that is completely different than the original, this is a great deal.You should also look for a cheap research pap er writing service who will give you several revisions and consultations. It's never a good idea to edit yourself. A lot of this is trial and error. Make sure you get what you pay for when it comes to researching and writing a paper.There are many cheap research paper writing service. Ask about their pricing and see if it fits with what you have budgeted. The goal is to have someone who is cheap and professional. You should be able to tell if they are knowledgeable and know how to write a paper before they write one for you.You need to learn how to do your own research. If you do that, you will save hundreds of dollars over time. You should be able to be honest with the writer. Make sure you are given the chance to do your own research and the chance to change the information that doesn't make sense to you.You can find many companies who will work with you and take the time to answer any questions you have. It's important to have a few basic questions answered before you start writi ng. This way, you can see if they are the right company for you. You don't want to end up with a poor experience and feel like you wasted your time and money.The key to finding a cheap research paper writing service is to ask questions. If you ask and show that you have researched the company properly, you will get exactly what you pay for. If you are able to do this, you can find the cheapest research paper writing service.

The marketing strategy of Oxyglobin - Free Essay Example

How best to exploit the opportunity presented by Oxyglobin without jeopardizing the potential of Hemopure is a tough problem for Biopure’s executive. According to the financial analysis, it is suggested that Biopure begin to sell Oxyglobin at $150 per unit to emergency care practice at the Veterinary Blood Market and have its own distribution network. This will make a profit of $5 million at first year and $17 million thereafter. The steadfast income will consolidate Biopure’s financial structure and enhance the competiveness of Hemopure. The potential annual values are $794 $135 million for Hemopure Oxyglobin respectively. The human blood substitutes market would be monopoly if only Hemopure released, so the Oxyglobin influence could be omitted. Otherwise, if competitors with similar selling price appear, production cost and capacity will dominate the market share. Unfortunately, the residual capital without launching Oxyglobin can not meet the cost requirement of a new production line. Therefore, launching Oxyglobin is a support rather than a threat. The marketing strategy of Oxyglobin will be mentioned below. First, Biopure has to concentrate on the emergency care market instead of primary care market since the research shows relatively higher gross revenue in emergency care practices despite the rare 5% frequency. In addition, the annual requirement of blood transfusion in emergency care practices is approximately 900,900 units, which exceed 300,000 units – the capacity of Oxyglobin. In other words, the whole Oxyglobin can be successfully sold out because of the deficit blood supply. Furthermore, pet owners are more willing to pay for emergency care than pay for primary care. Therefore, Biopure can only focus its target on emergency care practices market in the initial stage. Second, $150 per unit is a proper price for Oxyglobin because of the results offered by the pet owners’ and veterinarians’ surveys. The re sults indicated that $150 and $300 per unit are willingly accepted by veterinarian and pet owner when most clients face critical cases. Aside from that, a pet owner will pay $130 to $170 per unit in a typical emergency care practice under the â€Å"donor animal† system. Oxyglobin at $150 can motivate clients easily and show profitable. Third, Biopure can set up a brand called â€Å"Pure Blood Bank† in charge of the product distribution. After comparing the distribution cost between independent distributors and manufacturer direct, Biopure can find manufacturer direct are more attractive. Those independent distributors will charge Oxyglobin at $150 as less-established product for $45 per unit. The cost of Biopure’s own network, however, is estimated to be $10 to $15 per unit to physically distribute Oxyglobin. The difference between costs for training the sales reps every year and those for maintaining its own sales force is subtly nuanced $2 million per y ear. Even more, â€Å"Pure Blood Bank† is planned to entry human blood market when Hemopure is going to debut. Fourth, promotion and education of Oxyglobin to veterinarians at trade publications and trade shows are necessary. Biopure sales reps also provide the training to veterinarians when they distribute Oxyglobin. In addition, not only at veterinary hospitals but also at pet’s product retailers, Oxyglobin are going to be advertised to introduce the advantages to pet owners. The annual promotional fee is estimated to be 6 million. To forecast the revenue, Biopure can gain about $45 million annually before Hemopure releases, as long as Oxyglobin are sold out due to the strong demand. The estimated profit of Oxyglobin will be $17 million although it is hard to reach at first year and expected to emerge from the next year. Since Biopure has the uncertainty of FDA approval to Hemopure and the manifest competitors, strengthening the capital venture by increasing earni ng and possessing a steady income is inevitable.

The American Dream The Dream, Liberty, And The Pursuit...

The American dream has been changing over the years. However, the reason it’s been changing may be more that the change of the times. At its core, the American dream is all about attitude. With the right outlook, it can be whatever it is desired to be. Not only Americans can have the dream, but everyone can obtain this beautiful concept of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Joy Luck Club spends an enormous amount of time comparing the differences of the American dream with the mothers and their daughters. While the mothers are more focused on tradition, fate and superstition, their daughters are prone to worry more of what they can’t control and how their mothers’ are old-fashioned. As the story progresses, the†¦show more content†¦That’s why everyone can have the American dream, not just Americans. According to the AEI article, â€Å"Our review also suggests that people always say the challenges for the next generation will be greater than the ones they have faced.† Without the proper attitude, society will never be able to surpass the future challenges that the world throws at us. Winston Churchill once said: â€Å"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.† Truer words have never been spoken. As the American dream changes, people change with it. Their attitude on America is what makes it what it is today. The difficulties that threaten the American dream can only be combated by the good, hard-willed nature of the attitude of the people. There will always be challenges in the way, challenges that make the future seem bleak and hopeless. However, the one thing that can ensure the people a better life, one full of pride and prosperity, is the positive outlook of life. One that stays hopeful and optimistic even when all other hope is lost. With that ability, the future of the American dream is surely in safe hands. Word Count: 555 The Changes of the American Dream The Joy Luck Club, even in its first pages, shows just how much the American dream has revolutionized over the years. It starts off strong, already comparing the America that a previous generation envisioned for their children and compares it to how their daughters liveShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream, Life, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness915 Words   |  4 Pages The American Dream, â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness,† is a reason why my parents migrated from Yemen to United States of America in the late 70’s and early 80’s. My father was a hard working citizen, who spent little time at home and iced his back and feet when he did; he endured strenuous work before retiring from the railroad. My mother had the difficult duty to raise a boy basketball team and two daughters. My parents have always taught us, that if you want something, you workRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesSince Kindergarte n, teachers have been teaching students about Martin Luther King Junior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every human being, regardless of their race to be treated fairly or just. Independence Day was the day on July 4, 1776 where fifty-sixRead MoreThe American Dream742 Words   |  3 Pages30 May 2017 The American Dream: The American Dream is interpreted differently amongst Americans. Some people have the dream of owning a million dollar home or car and others have dreams of becoming famous. Although there is no definite definition of what the American Dream is, the concept of it has always been the same. That concept is that anything can be achievable for anyone, as long as they put their effort into it. The Declaration of Independence states that every American possesses the equalRead MoreAmerica, The Land of Broken Dreams: The Controversial DREAM Act1063 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts of equality, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. These fundamental concepts have influenced amalgams of immigrants from across the world to travel to America in the hopes and search for a better life away from the hardships faced in their homeland. With the fusion of different cultures and ideas, immigrants have helped give birth to a powerful, unified global nation that inspires others to fight for their dreams an d aspirations. The immigration reform is one of those dreams that undocumentedRead MoreThe American Dream : The Definition Of The American Dream860 Words   |  4 PagesAs a general definition of The American Dream that is inclusive of all Americans, I would define it as the ability to both achieve and obtain life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To discover what The American Dream means to myself, and any individual, is to discover what it is that makes it all worth it. Why do families leave their homes behind with barely enough money to feed a family for a week just to discover a dream in America? What could possibly be worth generations of povertyRead MoreAmerican Dream in the Film, The Pursuit of Happyness Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages The American dream is not fully represented in the same way as the ideas were initially raised. The ideas were primarily fabricated in the very beginning of our country. The propagandist role of any medium has changed just as much as the times have since the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In contemporary America, film is the leading component of the propagation and detraction of the American dream. The film The Pursuit of Happyness (2005) supports the idea of the American dreamRead MoreThe American Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.943 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream is a theory that is controversial and has many different prospects for each individual. America is the land of the free. It comes with many struggles that are faced by the people who choose to settle here. From the very beginning, the settlers who came to escape from Great Britain and start a new life started the standard life in America. The treatment of African Americans was one example of how the American Dream can be taken away from a group of people, but it also shows howRead MoreThe American Dream Is Sublime Motivation1426 Words   |  6 Pagesanything to live the American Dream .People will journey far and wide, traverse the entire continent, suffer all manner of pain and suffering, if they believe that, in the end, they will be rewarded, and there is nothing quite like survival to motivate people. The ancient tale of â€Å"The American Dream† has been pursued by many, but only few make it all the way. The novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the two poems, â€Å"Dream Deferred†, by Langston Hughes, and â€Å"American Dream of Reality†, byRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence, By Thomas Jefferson, And Martin Luther King Jr.1138 Words   |  5 PagesJefferson, and Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech both address the problem of not being free. Even though Thomas and Luther were alive 150 years apart and had very different lives, they both faced the same issue of human equality that drove them to write some of the most influential works in American history. Although they bear some superficial similarities, the difference between t he Declaration of Independence and â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech are pronounced. Thomas Jefferson, and a groupRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1094 Words   |  5 PagesMost Americans are unsatisfied with their lives. So many people live their lives discontented with where they are in life. They are discontented with their status in society, the money they make, goals they have yet to achieve, their profession, how they didn’t complete their schooling, and the list unfortunately goes on. We as Americans have a large advantage in comparison to most societies within the world, we have the freedom to live the American dream. What is the American dream? The Declaration

Similarities Between Pavlov, John B. Skinner And Classical...

Some of the most prominent behavioral psychologists were Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. These men played a huge part in exploring the process of learning. While Watson and Pavlov focused on classical conditioning, Skinner worked with operant condition, and Bandura experimented with observational learning. All in all, these psychologist discovered many things about the process of learning, many of which I can apply to my own life experiences. Ivan Pavlov spent most of his time studying classical conditioning, a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Pavlov first became interested in this field accidentally when he noticed dogs salivating not just at the†¦show more content†¦After more repetition, he was afraid of similar objects, like dogs, but nothing else. With the help of Little Albert and classical conditioning, Watson had shown fears could be conditioned. If you can condition fear, many won der, how many other emotions can be conditioned? (Dewall Meyers, 2016; Feist Rosenberg, 2012). B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who also helped develop the field of operant conditioning, a process where behavior is associated with its consequences. He was able to show how this could explain our behaviors. One of the things he is most well known for is created the Skinner Box. The Skinner box was where he could test animals by feeding them while the box monitored how often the animal responded. Skinner stressed the idea of using reinforcement, the process by which consequences lead to an increase in the likelihood that the response will occur again. The animal would emit the desired behavior, such as a rat pressing a bar, and food would appear. After a while, the rat learned that every time it pressed the bar it would be rewarded with a treat, making it press the bar more often. In this case, the food served as a reinforcer. Skinner argued that these operant principles are used to shape most aspects of our behavior instead of internal thoughts and that external consequences shape us as individuals too (Dewall Meyers, 2016; Kosslyn Rosenberg, 2005). Albert Bandura did most of his work with observationalShow MoreRelatedClassical And Instrumental Conditioning And Classical Conditioning Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to analyse classical and instrumental conditioning, it is required to first define the content from which they are derived from, that is learning. According to Domjan, learning  is  a long lasting change in the process of behaviour involving particular stimuli with or alternately responses that result from previous experiences with those or almost the same stimuli and responses (2009). There are several learning paradigms which take the behaviourist approach, but as previously mentioned thisRead MoreThe Theoretical Frameworks Within Social Psychology Essay2118 Words   |  9 Pagessplit into two main fields: Classical conditioning (Pavlov, Watson) and Operant conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner) Classical conditioning can be defined as â€Å"reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.† (McLeod, 2013) This means taking a neutral stimulus and pairing it with an unconditional stimulus that provides the unconditioned response. Operant conditioning is not concerned with automaticRead MorePerspectives On Psychology And Evaluate Their Key Assumptions1547 Words   |  7 Pageswith an evaluation of their applications to contemporary issues in psychology. Finally there will be an analysis of the similarities and differences between each perspective and a conclusion. The behaviourist perspective is a scientific approach within psychology which claims that we are blank slates at birth and all human behaviour is learnt.Behaviourism was developed by John Watson in America in the early 1900s, (Cullis, T1999). Behaviourists focus on external conditions, learning and experienceRead MoreCompare Contrast Two Approaches to Psychology1527 Words   |  7 Pagesareas of a person or animals day to day life. Psychology tends to steer towards finding reasons for a person or animals actions in an attempt to resolve them. There are many different sub - fields of psychology, however it is possible to draw similarities and differences to all aspects of these fields. The main fields deal with the different approaches used by various psychologists throughout history. Whilst there are no 100% correct theories in Psychology to help to understand a person, we do needRead MoreBehaviorism Vs. Pavlov And Edward Thorndike Essay2020 Words   |  9 Pagessince the founding by John B. Watson. Behaviorism stresses the environmental role on behavior and is also referred to as the learning theory (McLeod, 2007). Two major contributors to Behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike. These two very important psychologists had quite different views when it came to conditioning, but are surprisingly similar in some aspects as well. Having lived during the same time, Thorndike and Pavlov were aware of one another’s work and while Pavlov is credited as theRead MoreFactors That Influence Professional Practice Wh en Working With Children And Young People2100 Words   |  9 Pagesby John B. Watson (1978-1958) based on the idea that behaviours can me altered regardless of any genetic background, thoughts and traits. Behaviourists believe that we are born with a clean state (Tabula Rasa); we learn through observing other people’s behaviour and acquire them through a method of learning known as ‘conditioning’ (Pritchard, 2005). There are a number of theorists and psychologists who have influenced behaviourism greatly, this includes, Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)Read MoreBehavioral Models Of Personality Is An Important Part Of Our Personality2057 Words   |  9 Pagescontributors of Behaviorism; as well as strengths and weaknesses of Behaviorism. To begin, take a look at two of the main approaches within Behaviorism; Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning, according to Magnavita (2012) as â€Å"the fundamental principles underlying the neurobiology of learning. An example of classical conditioning would be within the following scenario. Jason has a bully named Alex that picks on him at school, who happens to wear a particular brand of cologneRead More‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic.’2499 Words   |  10 Pageseffective than the other, and some therapies have been modified of enhanced to better treat a patient. Behavioural psychology, also known as behaviourism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental processes. As human beings we are driven to understand whoRead MoreBehavioral Approach And Consistent Misunderstanding And Devaluation1344 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavioral approach and their similarities to early childhood and the strength and weaknesses of behaviorism. Finally, the paper will provide examples of the influence and application of the behavioral perspective in early childhood. In the conclusion of this paper, we assert that behaviorism is the most pragmatic and functional of the modern psychological ideologies and described both development and learning. The three theorists: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner summarizes the beh aviorist theoryRead MoreChrysalis Module 4 252607 Words   |  11 Pageswhilst others share some similarities. Edward Thorndike proposed the ‘Law of Effect’ whereby behavioural responses which were closely followed by pleasant consequences, would ensure that the same behaviour would be highly likely to recur. It also stated that the more a stimuli is connected with a response, the stronger the link between the two. If however, responses were followed by adverse consequences then associated to this situation were considered to be weaker. Skinner used Thorndike’s law of

Compare and contrast the developmental life span theories

Urie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystem. Third is the exosystem; It represents broader influences, encompassing societal institutions such as local government, the community, schools, churches, and the local media. Fourth is the macrosystem; and it represents the larger†¦show more content†¦James Marcia developed what he called the identity status. Marcia used the term identity status to label and describe four unique developmental identity stations or points. Each identity status represents a particular configuration of youth s progress with regard to identity exploration and commitment to the values, beliefs, and goals that contribute to identity. The identity status consisted of four systems, theShow MoreRelatedAssimilation And Schemas1387 Words   |  6 Pagesstage of her model is the â€Å"New Status Quo† Enables individuals to feel safe so they can practice. Developmental Transitions. What does the Satir video add to your understanding about developmental transitions in Freud and Erikson’s models? Satir believed all individuals have the limit with regards to development and change and additionally the capacity to proceed with their education throughout life. In developing her strategy, she concentrated on finding the internal identity and stimulating changeRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Gender Role Development1379 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast two theories of gender role development A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will includeRead MoreReflection On Classical Theory1963 Words   |  8 Pages Classic Theories Reflection Shawn Strebel Northcentral University Assimilation, Accommodation, and Schemas Piaget’s theories about assimilation and accommodation said that assimilation is related to the existing structures in the mind and incorporates the abstract properties of our actions on different objects around us (Beilin, 1994). Whereas in accommodation the mind modifies existing structures to the varying properties of objects around us (Beilin, 1994). Now ifRead MoreCompare and contrast Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s theories of cognitive development in children1274 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Compare and contrast Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. This essay will compare Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. Also, show the differences between the two psychologist’s theories. Thus, by showing their similarities like in language and adaptation theories. Further, differences like Piaget’s theory on cognitive developmental stages and the schemas which are build to learn or accommodate new words or things. Vygostky’sRead MoreCustomized learning Theory: Annotated Bibliography1681 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Student name Course Professor Date due Customized learning Theory: Annotated Bibliography The fact that people have different learning capacities and that people can absorb content differently is fueling the rise and acceptance of customized learning. Is customized learning the way to go in ensuring that every student needs are met? Many still are proponents of the traditional method of instruction citing the massive resources required for adoption and full implementation of customized learningRead MorePsychology2912 Words   |  12 Pagesapproach to psychoanalytic theory in this lesson. You will examine and compare developmental stages side by side and have the opportunity to test your knowledge with a quiz at the end. Example for Comparison Mary has a 3-month-old daughter. Mary bottle feeds her child and follows a strict schedule for feeding times. The child is not allowed to have a pacifier. Mary is an affectionate parent, and all of her childs needs are met. How could the actions that occur in the childs life now affect her laterRead MoreDiscussing Your Present Leisure Interests1472 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted knitting at the age of 26. However I cherish the time I spend with my 5 year old niece. I usually keep her once a week, more often when our school schedules allow it. The reading and knitting are expected to stay fairly stable throughout my life with the exceptions of my body aging. It may come to a point that I have trouble seeing as I age (as early as 40 visual changes can occur), farsightedness increases with age while nearsightedness decreases (Berger, 2010). This would make knitting andRead MoreDevelopment of Childrens Reasoning1958 Words   |  8 Pagesable to represent the world, form concepts and cate gories, then they are well able to reason about and solve problems. The two psychologists, Piaget and Siegler, were interested in identifying and describing the ages of children when the developmental change in reasoning and problem solving occurs. Piaget was particularly interested in how the minds of adults differ from minds of young children. On the other hand, Siegler is information-processing psychologist, interested in how children solveRead MoreEssay Compare and Contrast Viaget and Vygotsky2238 Words   |  9 Pagesactivity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. In this essay on cognitive development I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child active construction of knowledge. (Flanagan 1996 P.72). I will then go onto evaluate the usefulness of these theories in understanding a childs development. Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that childrens cognitiveRead MoreSibling Relationships Within The United States2226 Words   |  9 Pagespair) that share at least one parent in common; according to this definition, adopted siblings, half siblings and biological sibling are included. Sibling relationships provide a unique perspective in developmental research such that they are the longest enduring relationship a person may have over the life course (Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, Collins, 2005). Siblings influence development in a variety of ways by providing teaching and caregiving opportunities that result in greater cognitive, language

Swot Analysis Of Runxin Mart - 1384 Words

4.3.1 Competitors Overview Most competitors are located in the city centre, which have similar or larger size but are at least 3 km away and target at different customers groups (See Figure 4.3.1). They are more attracted for local people and those who have high incomes with high living standard, but Runxin Mart is targeting only on people living around the supermarket, who are mainly from other cities and running private-owned businesses in this small city. Because of features of those customers, Runxin Mart tries to keep their products prices as low as possible to remain competitive. Moreover, it does not only cooperate with those standard brands such as PG, Karft and Unilever, but also some small brands which can help lower the price†¦show more content†¦4) Market – Except five supermarkets, there is a market selling fruit, vegetables and meat just located at opposite side of Runxin Mart. It makes challenges to fresh food only. In order to compete with it, Runxin improves the quality of fre sh food but charges similar price. Although price is a very important factor, people nowadays are seeking for higher living standard at low costs. In addition, Ruixin offers better shopping experience. Customers feel more secured to shop in a supermarket rather than a market as food quality can be better controlled and after-sales service will also be better. 4.3.3 SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Self-purchase for some products – Compared with competitors whose products are mainly from distributors, Runxin Mart also explore the way of self-purchasing from the whole market where sometimes low prices are available for some products. It helps Runxin achieve economic of scales so as to save prime costs as lower purchasing price brings about higher profit even Runxin charges the same price as its competitors. 2. Self-brand expansion – Self-brand products are normally more profitable than those well-known brands. For instance, a package of well-known brand tissue can only contribute with approximately 16% profit while a package of self-brand tissue can contribute more than 40% profit to the company. Runxin has realized the large profit from it and currently is expanding its self-brand products into more categories. 3. Larger

Locke on the Social Contract Theory Free Essays

Social Contract Theory is a philosophy, which states that political and moral obligations of a person are rendered to him, upon an agreement between the ruler and the society. This agreement governs both the ruler and the ruled society to act in accordance with one another. John Locke, along with Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau, is one of the best known proponents of this theory, which emerged as one of the most influential political theories in the history of the Modern West. We will write a custom essay sample on Locke on the Social Contract Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social Contract Theory was an answer to reject the Divine Right Theory, which was used by kings and queens as their basis for their right to rule. Locke’s most important and influential writings are in his book, Two Treatises on Government. The first treatise in his writing is geared towards the rejection of Divine Right theory; and the second treatise states Locke’s own views on the justification for the civil government, which he entitled An Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil Government. John Locke’s Social Contract Theory held a positive view about human nature. He argued that humans have a gift of reason, and man’s natural condition is a state of perfect and complete liberty wherein, humans live their lives at its best without interference from other people. People are assumed to be in equal footing with one another and are bound by the Law of Nature. This Law of Nature however is according to Locke’s view is the basis of all morality, and thus must not extend to harm other people’s rights with regards to their life, health, liberty or possessions (Locke 2003). Further more, as his concept of State of Nature lacks civil power amongst men and an appeal to the Law of Nature allowing people to defend themselves. Because of this lack of authority, a war is likely to break out, thus prompting the reason to abandon the State of Nature and recognize a contract that shall in turn form a government. This, as a result to man’s having the ability to think rationally, humans submit themselves to a higher authority for the protection of their rights. However, in Locke’s Social Contract Theory, a rational individual will only agree to a government, with minimal and limited control, and a government that is controlled by the citizens. Because for Locke, the government can be easily lured to become restrictive, corrupt and abusive of powers, thus prompting the individuals to always retain some power over the government for the sake of freedom and equality. This issue concerning freedom has always been central to Locke’s market government. Government must always employ the right blend of freedom and restrictions with it. For the people, their property and lives are their rational interests; and their concept to form a government is geared towards the protection of these interests. Therefore, the people, although putting the security of their rights in the government, are still fearful of the government’s potential power (The Social Contract). Thus, according to Locke, should the government cease to become responsive to its citizens, the government should be overthrown. They still hold the right to revolt against their ruler if they realize that their ruler is no longer able to cater to their needs and has been abusive and oppressive to the rights of man. Locke also supported the idea of laissez-faire, wherein there will be limited government intervention for the market to be able to generate a prosperous civil society based on individual’s rational competition. Locke’s version of the theory has played a great role in the development of the Western politics, particularly in America. His social contract plus laissez faire, has also became the basis for market institutions. Locke’s theory has been influential to the current criminal justice system, with property playing an essential role in the society’s government and contract that establishes it. With the State of Nature being itself chaotic when no one is bound to control the state of liberty for men, hence bringing about the State of War, and eventually creating the need to establish a contract between the ruler and the ruled society to enable people to rightfully defend their life and liberty. Thus, the need to protect their properties has prompted the people to abandon the State of Nature and form the social contract between the civil society and the government. Given the great influence that John Locke has posed through his political theories, his philosophies have continued to live until the present time, especially in American politics. The criminal justice system and world politics in general have exhibited strong influential heritage from Locke’s philosophies; in particular pertaining to the way the government must handle its affairs, so as to please the civil society who placed them in power. The Democratic form of government and criminal system, wherein the civil society is always left with a choice to whom must be put into power is an example of a social contract. And in turn, the overthrow or government leaders who did not much perform for the benefit of the people is an illustration of Locke’s theory. Reference Locke, John. (2003) Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration. Yale University Press. The Social Contract. Retrieved October 25, 2007 from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/2769_Swri01.pdf    How to cite Locke on the Social Contract Theory, Essay examples

Principles of Corporations Law

Questions: 1.What common law duty and statutory duty if any has Julian breached?2.What common law or statutory duty, have Sol and Daniel breached?3. If the directors have breached their duties do any of them have a defence and if not what are the consequences for them? Answers: 1. It appears that in this case, there is certain duties imposed by the common law and also some duties prescribed by the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) that have been breached by Julian while she was acting as the director of the company. The beach of duties by Julian can be assumed due to the reason that Julian did not disclose to the directors of Property Developments Ltd. that Gerald was her uncle. Moreover she also helped her brother, Raphael to get the contract from her company. For this purpose, Julian tells Raphael what the other architectural firms are going to charge. With this information, Raphael is in a position to offer the lowest price to Property Developments Ltd. which was accepted by the company. On the other hand, the law provides that the directors of corporations have to follow certain duties (Ford and Austin, 1995). These duties include the statutory duties that are being provided by the Corporations Act as well as the common-law duties of the directors of corpora tions. In the present case, the relevant duty prescribed by the common law is the duty of the directors according to which they should act bona fide. Hence in view of this duty, it is very important that as compared to their personal interests, the directors give a preference to the interests of the company (Austin and Ramsay, 2013). At the same time, Julian had also breached her statutory duty that has been mentioned in section 181 of the act. In this section, it has been provided that the directors should act in good faith when they are exercising the powers and when they are fulfilling the duties towards the company. This duty also requires that it is the obligation of the directors that they should act for a proper purpose. It will be considered by the law that the directors have reached the duty mentioned in section 181 if the directors use their powers for an improper purpose. This duty will be considered to have been breached by the directors even if they believe that they ar e acting honestly. In view of this position, even if a loss has not been suffered by the company, still Julian can be considered to have breached their statutory duty. Another relevant statutory duty that appears to have been breached in this case is the duty prescribed by section 182. According to this duty, the directors did not use their position improperly. The improper use of the position may take place if the director has used their position for achieving a personal advantage or an advantage for some other person or to cause a detriment to their corporation. This duty was breached when Julian helped Raphael in securing the contract from her company. 2. Sol and Daniel are the other two directors of Property Developments Ltd. in this case, it can be said that these two directors are also liable for the beach of their statutory duties as well as the duties prescribed by the common law. These two directors are responsible for violating the common-law duty which requires that the directors of corporations should act with care and diligence while acting on behalf of the company. Another very significant duty that appears to have been breached in the present case is the duty of the directors to prevent insolvent trading (Ford, 1978). This duty has been imposed on the directors by section 588G, Corporations Act. In the present case, it appears that this duty has been breached by Sol and Daniel when during the board meeting of the company; they do not worry how the company will be going to finance the purchase and do not ask questions regarding the financial statements of the company. This duty is not discharged if the directors have del egated this responsibility to someone else. Therefore in the present case, Sol and Daniel cannot hide behind the fact that they had delegated this task to the accountants of the company. 3. The issue that arises in this question is if any difference is available to the directors of Property Developments against allegations of breach of duty. For this purpose, it has to be considered if the defense against the allegations of breach of duty is available to the present directors. Another issue that has to be considered in this question is if no defense is available to the directors and they are held liable for the breach of their duties what are the penalties that can be imposed on the directors. The defense against the breach of duty by the directors has been provided by the business judgment rule. This rule was provided by the common law and later on, it was also incorporated in the Corporations Act. This rule is mentioned in section 180(2) of the Act. According to this provision, a defense has been provided to the directors regarding the business judgment made by them (Farrar and Hannigan, 1998). For this purpose it is required that the business judgment should have been made by the directors in good faith. It is also required that the directors should have made the judgment for proper purpose and they should not have any personal interest in the business judgment (Paterson and Ednie, 1976). It is also required under this rule that before making the business judgment, the directors should have properly acquainted themselves with the subject matter. It is also necessary that the directors should be able to rationally believe that the business judgment being made by them is in the best interests of their corporation. In the present case, these requirements are not fulfilled because Sol and Daniel have not properly informed themselves regarding the decision that was made by them at the board meeting. Similarly, they fail to understand the financial statements placed before them even if they had a basic understanding of finance. Consequently the civil as well as the criminal penalties that have been provided in the Corporations Act can be imposed on these directors. These include a fine up to $200,000 and similarly, imprisonment for a term of up to five years. References Austin R.P., and Ramsay, I.M., 2013, Fords Principles of Corporations Law (LexisNexis Butterworths, 15th ed.) 432 Farrar J.H. and Hannigan, B 1998 Farrars Company Law (Butterworths, 4th ed,) 382 Ford H.A.J. and Austin, R.P., 1995, Ford and Austins Principles of Corporations Law, Butterworths, 7th ed. 262 Ford, H.A.J., 1978 Principles of Company Law (Butterworths, 2nd ed,) 345 Paterson W.E. and Ednie, H.H., 1976 vol 2, 2nd ed. Australian Company Law, Butterworths,

Julius Ceaser Essay Brutus Character Analysis Essays -

Julius Ceaser Essay: Brutus Character Analysis Marcus Brutus William Shakespeare's play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, is mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The character who was in charge of the assassination was, ironically, Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Julius Caesar. But what would cause a person to kill a close friend? After examining Brutus' relationship to Caesar, his involvement in the conspiracy, and his importance to the plot, the truth can be revealed. Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Caesar, has a strong relationship with Caesar but a stronger relationship with Rome and its people. Brutus is very close to Caesar. In Roman times, the only way for someone to get close to a person of high rank is if he/she is close to him/her. In many points of the play, Brutus was talking and next to Caesar. Brutus also loves Caesar but fears his power. In the early acts of the play, Brutus says to Cassius, "What means this shouting? I do fear the people do choose Caesar for their king?yet I love him well."(act 1, scene 2, ll.85-89), as he is speaking to Cassius. Brutus loves Caesar, but would not allow him to "climber-upward?He then unto the ladder turns his back?"(act 2, scene 1, ll.24,26). As the quote says, Brutus would not allow Caesar to rise to power and then turn his back onto the people of Rome. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Brutus talks to Antony about Caesar's death. "Our hearts you see not; they are pitiful; and pity to the general wrong of Rome?"(act 3, scene 1, ll.185-186). Brutus says that Antony cannot see their(members of the conspiracy) hearts, which are full of pity. Again, this shows how Brutus loved Caesar but cared for the life of Rome and its people more. This is the only reason Brutus would conspire against Caesar. For Brutus says to himself, "I know no personal cause to spurn at him?How that might change his nature?"(act 2, scene1, ll. 1,13) Caesar's relationship with Brutus is also strong. Just allowing Brutus to speak to Caesar shows his respect for Brutus. Caesar feels that Brutus is noble to him and does the right thing regardless of personal danger. On the Ides of March, as Caesar was assassinated, Caesar's last line is: "Et tu, Brute?--Then fall, Caesar."(act 3, scene 1, l.85). This shows that Caesar would not die without Brutus' stab. Caesar realizes that there must be a noble reason for this assassination if Brutus was in it. This again shows how much Caesar respects Brutus. Brutus and Caesar both respect each other, but in different ways. Marcus Brutus had a very important role in the conspiracy against Caesar. He was the "back-bone" of the plan. According to Cassius, Brutus' main purpose in the conspiracy is for an insurance policy. The people will think, since Brutus is noble to Caesar, that there is a good reason for Caesar's assassination. Brutus will also be the leader of the conspiracy for another "insurance policy" for the assassination. Cassius is the one who declares this, "Brutus shall lead the way, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest and best hearts of Rome. "(act 3, scene 1, ll.135-136). Again, if Brutus leads the way, the people will think that the death of Julius Caesar wasn't such a bad thing. Brutus also declares to himself that his role in the conspiracy is to save Rome. He says to the people that, "If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more."(Act 3,scene 2,ll.21-24). If Brutus was not in the plot of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, the conspiracy would probably not have worked. Since Brutus "?loved Rome more."(Act 3,scene2, ll.23-24), he decided to be a part of the conspiracy. If he hadn't loved Rome more than Caesar, he would not have joined in the assassination of Julius Caesar. Cassius and the rest of the conspirators would probably not have continued on without Brutus because they would have no "insurance" afterwards. The people would think that there was no reason for Caesar's death and most likely beheaded all the conspirators. Also, if Brutus was not in the play, the whole end of the play would not ever occur. Brutus would not be there to have an army or kill himself, and Cassius will already be beheaded. If Brutus was not in the play, the title would have absolutely no meaning. Marcus Brutus was a

Essay Sample - Self Descriptive Essay

Essay Sample - Self Descriptive EssayIf you've been involved in college writing, you may have heard about a certain essay sample and they call it a self descriptive essay. What is it exactly?What is this type of something you ask? Well, I believe the way it works is that you provide the information or the description of what you are going to write about and the essay will be an account of what you see yourself as. The name of the company, the product you like or an image of yourself, if you are self-employed, etc.How does the information get put into words for you to use? Well, I personally do not use a research paper. I think it is too impersonal and we want to learn about ourselves and our surroundings. As you can probably imagine, when it comes to college work, these kind of essays can get quite long, even with multiple choice answers.Well, to make it simple, an essay format is nothing but the very same form of the self descriptive essay. You provide all the needed information, de scribe yourself and your likes and dislikes, whatever, and the essay writer provides the words to describe it.It is important to remember that in the beginning, the writer of the essay will use you and your information to create your self-confidence and as you build up confidence over time, they will start using you to help build your confidence and further develop your self-image. Now this is where most students think the essay is going to go wrong and the essay needs to be rewritten. This is not the case at all.Remember, this is a good idea to work on your confidence. If you can use your self-confidence to focus on the big picture and become a self-starter, you will ultimately benefit from it.The greatest part about being a self-starter is that you are motivated and it will propel you to pursue your goals and dreams. So I highly suggest that you take advantage of this form of an essay sample. It will definitely save you time, and time is money in this economy!

Free Essays on Napoleon Bonparte

NAPOLEON BONPARTE The most famous Frenchman in history - Napoleon Bonaparte wasn’t born a Frenchman. Napoleon was born at Ajaccio, Corsica on 15 August 1769. Napoleon’s parents Carlo Buonaparte and Litizia Ramalono Buonaparte were both of Corsican - Italian blood. When France ceded with Corsica Napoleons father entered the French aristocracy as a count. Napoleon was educated first at Brienne and then at the à ¨cole Militaire, in Paris. Napoleon graduated in 1785, age 16 and enlisted in the artillery as a second lieutenant. Napoleon became a lieutenant colonel in 1791 in the Corsican National Guard. Corsica declared its independence in 1793 and Bonaparte, a French patriot, fled to France with his family. In 1796 Napoleon was made commander of the army of Italy. In quick succession Napoleon achieved victories all over Europe. When Napoleon returned to France he was triumphant. He was only 28 years old and had become the greatest French general of all time. Bonaparte decided to leave his army in Italy and set his sights higher - Napoleon wanted to save France. Napoleon joined a conspiracy against the government and on November 10 he and his colleagues seized power and established their own government - The Consulate. Napoleon reformed all government, education and legislation, which proved he was a magnificent statesman and administrator. Napoleon proved a patriotic loyal Frenchman who wanted to improve life for his fellow French people. Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the French in 1804 - he was now a great Frenchmen and heroic General and destined to become the greatest leader France had ever had. Napoleon introduced ‘The Continental System’ which forbade all European nations trading with France’s enemy Britain. In 1810 the Russians proclaimed they wouldn’t abide by this system and France retaliated by invaded Russia but ended up retreating to Paris. Europe now believed that France could be beaten... Free Essays on Napoleon Bonparte Free Essays on Napoleon Bonparte NAPOLEON BONPARTE The most famous Frenchman in history - Napoleon Bonaparte wasn’t born a Frenchman. Napoleon was born at Ajaccio, Corsica on 15 August 1769. Napoleon’s parents Carlo Buonaparte and Litizia Ramalono Buonaparte were both of Corsican - Italian blood. When France ceded with Corsica Napoleons father entered the French aristocracy as a count. Napoleon was educated first at Brienne and then at the à ¨cole Militaire, in Paris. Napoleon graduated in 1785, age 16 and enlisted in the artillery as a second lieutenant. Napoleon became a lieutenant colonel in 1791 in the Corsican National Guard. Corsica declared its independence in 1793 and Bonaparte, a French patriot, fled to France with his family. In 1796 Napoleon was made commander of the army of Italy. In quick succession Napoleon achieved victories all over Europe. When Napoleon returned to France he was triumphant. He was only 28 years old and had become the greatest French general of all time. Bonaparte decided to leave his army in Italy and set his sights higher - Napoleon wanted to save France. Napoleon joined a conspiracy against the government and on November 10 he and his colleagues seized power and established their own government - The Consulate. Napoleon reformed all government, education and legislation, which proved he was a magnificent statesman and administrator. Napoleon proved a patriotic loyal Frenchman who wanted to improve life for his fellow French people. Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the French in 1804 - he was now a great Frenchmen and heroic General and destined to become the greatest leader France had ever had. Napoleon introduced ‘The Continental System’ which forbade all European nations trading with France’s enemy Britain. In 1810 the Russians proclaimed they wouldn’t abide by this system and France retaliated by invaded Russia but ended up retreating to Paris. Europe now believed that France could be beaten...

How To Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading

How To Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Answering questions on multiple passages is a little different from answering questions on just one passage. Some of the same advice is still applicable, but there are strategies specific to multipassage questions as well. I’ll go over the different topics you might see covered in paired passages on the SAT as well as giving strategies for paired passage questions. feature image credit: Happy Furry Friday by Alan L, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. SAT Reading: A Quick Recap We have a detailed breakdown of SAT Reading in another article, but just in case you've forgotten: Reading is the first section of the SAT and consists of 52 questions on six passages to be answered in 65 minutes. The passages used on the SAT are always on varying subject areas and come in three varieties: single passages, passages with charts or tables that you also have to analyze, and paired passages or "comparing passages," which I will be discussing in this article. If you want more information about how to grapple with any or all of these passage varieties, read this article. Passage-based questions come in these seven basic flavors: Big Picture: Find the main point of a passage or paragraph, or from what perspective is this information being given. Little Picture/Detail: Find a specific detail in the text, with or without location information. Inference: Based on the information provided in the passage, infer information. Vocabulary in Context: Find how a word is used in the specified place (or choose a word that best encapsulates a description from the passage). Function: Explain how a phrase, sentence, or paragraph functions in a larger context (paragraph or passage). Author Technique: What is the tone or style of a passage (often asked to compare and contrast different authors’ techniques)? Find the Evidence: Which of these lines from the passage best supports your answer? Paired Passages On The SAT Out of the six passages on SAT Reading, two of them will be "paired" passages. These passages are usually 40-50 lines each and are followed by 10-12 questions. The first four to seven of these questions will be about the passages individually, while the last three to six questions will ask about both passages. Paired passages on SAT Reading often include introductory material with information about the genre, publication date, and sometimes even the general situation/topic of the text. Here's an example from a practice SAT: Questions 32-42 are based on the following passages.These passages are adapted from the Lincoln†Douglas debates. Passage 1 is from a statement by Stephen Douglas. Passage 2 is from a statement by Abraham Lincoln. Douglas and Lincoln engaged in a series of debates while competing for a US Senate seat in 1858. The introductory material above tells you about the type of passage (Passage 1 is from a statement by Douglas, Passage 2 is from a statement by Lincoln) and when the source of each passage was originally published/written (as well as when the Lincoln-Douglas Debates occurred). Like these Lincoln-Douglas passages, paired passages most frequently fall into the "U.S. Founding Documents and the Great Global Conversation" genre of SAT Reading passages. These passages are usually written pre-1900s and concern "issues and concerns central to informed citizenship" like the meaning of democracy, slavery, women's rights, civil rights and civil disobedience, and so on. The next most frequently covered subject area is science, with passages on topics such as extraterrestrial mining, organic farming, and the effect of the internet on the brain. Keep in mind, however, that while most paired passages in the past have been either science or Great Global Conversation passages, that doesn't mean that you might not come across a literary or social-science focused set of paired passages in the future. As far as the SAT is concerned, any topic could work as a set of paired passages. what lurks within by Sandy Schultz, used under CC BY 2.0. You never know what topics you'll find lurking in paired passages. Plan of Attack: All Paired Passages There is no one surefire strategy that will let you power through questions on paired passages, because part of it depends on how you approach the passage. Below, we've gathered our top three strategies for mastering paired passages; try out each to see which best works for you. Strategy 1: Start By Answering Questions on Individual Passages No matter how you approach the passage (thorough read first, questions first, or skimming and then questions), for paired passages, I highly, highly recommend answering the questions about each individual passage first before moving on to the multi-passage questions. Even if you're planning on guessing on questions that ask about multiple passages, it’s still worth it to take time to answer questions on individual passages. Each passage that appears as part of a set of paired passages is shorter and less complicated than the standalone long passages (since you're expected to compare passage to passage, not just focus in on one passage). Because of this, it's often easier to answer the individual passage questions- there are fewer words to read overall, and it's easier to find details. In addition, sometimes the questions the SAT asks about each individual passages will give you information that might be helpful when it comes to questions about both passages For instance, take a look at this question about an individual passage (of a set of paired passages): As used in line 32, "observed" most nearly means A) followed.B) scrutinized.C) contemplated.D) noticed. Now, here’s a question in the same section that asks about both passages: Based on the passages, Lincoln would most likely describe the behavior that Thoreau recommends in lines 64-66 ("if it...law") as A) an excusable reaction to an intolerable situation.B) a rejection of the country's proper form of remedy.C) an honorable response to an unjust law.D) a misapplication of a core principle of the Constitution. Lines 64-66 read "if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law." If you’ve answered the first question, which involves going back the sentence that contains line 32 ("But I do mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist, should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they continue in force, for the sake of example, they should be religiously observed"), then you know that A) cannot be correct and that B) is likely correct. This doesn't necessarily give you the correct answer right away (you still have to eliminate answer choices C) and D) ), but it will save you time. A final point to keep in mind about answering questions about individual passages is that for paired passages, the two passages will agree on some things and disagree on others. Answering questions on the individual passages can help you suss out what the passages may agree or disagree on before you get to questions on both passages that ask you to do exactly that. Strategy 2: Find The Hardest Paired Passage Questions For You...And Drill Them This strategy is not unique to paired passage questions on the SAT- figuring out your weakness in any area and then focusing your time on practicing what is difficult for you will help you improve. For paired passages on SAT Reading, however, figuring out your higher level weaknesses is more difficult because it is not always clear which skill (or even combination of skills) is being tested by the question. To help out with your SAT Reading paired passage triage, I've compiled a list of the most common ways each question type might appear in the context of paired passages. Note: The questions below are all questions that ask you about multiple passages. While occasionally vocab-in-context questions will be asked after a series of longer paired passages, these questions are always in reference to either Passage 1 or Passage 2, not both; therefore, they are omitted below. Function Questions In non-paired passages, function questions ask what a phrase, sentence, or paragraph is accomplishing within the context of the whole passage. When they appear on paired passages, function questions often show up on individual passages but appear relatively infrequently with regards to both passages. Here are two ways I've seen function questions asked about multiple passages: â€Å"In lines 61-65, the author of Passage 2 refers to a statement made in Passage 1 in order to" "In the context of each passage as a whole, the question in lines 25-27 of Passage 1 and lines 67-69 of Passage 2 primarily function to help each speaker" Big Picture, Detail, and Inference Questions While these questions test different skills, they will often be asked in the same way. Here are a few examples (modified from actual SAT practice tests): "The main purpose of each passage is to" "Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in cats' status that they describe would be" "Based on the passages, both authors would agree with which of the following claims?" "Webber would most likely have reacted to lines 65-68 ("The musical...terrible") of Passage 2 with" OMG! by Andrea Schaffer, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Alas, SAT answer choices are not in cat facial expression form. While the first of these questions is clearly a main point question, it’s a little more hazy with others. The second question could be any of the three types, depending on the context. If "the change in cats' status" was the main point of the passages, it would be a main point question. If "the change in cats' statuses" was just mentioned in passing as part of a larger picture, it would be a detail question. If the answer choices for that question asked you to take what was in the text and go a step beyond, the question would be an inference question. Here are some more clearly-worded examples of each type of question: Big Picture Questions "Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?" "Based on the passages, one commonality in the stances Lincoln and Thoreau take towards house cats is that" "Both passages discuss the issue of household cats in relationship to" Inference Questions "How would Eliot most likely respond to Webber's statement in lines 30-34, Passage 1 ("As the...yowl")?" "Stevens would most likely have reacted to lines 65-68 ("Now...cat") of Passage 2 with" Detail Questions "On which of the following points would the authors of both passages most likely agree?" "Based on the passages, both authors would agree with which of the following claims?" Find the Evidence questions These questions show up in paired passages in much the same way as they do on single passages. Here are a couple of examples: "Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?"[previous question: "How would Eliot most likely respond to Webber's statement in lines 30-34, Passage 1 ("As the...yowl")?"] "Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?" [previous question: "Which choice best describes how Saintriver would most likely have reacted to Lai Wai's remarks in the final paragraph of Passage 2?"] Multi-skill questions Often, questions that ask about both passages will ask you to draw upon multiple skills. The most common examples of this are big picture/inference combo questions, which require you to figure out author perspective and then take one step beyond that. Examples: "The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the discussion of the future of household cats in lines 18-28, Passage 1, by claiming that such a future" "Saintriver in Passage 1 would most likely characterize the position taken by Lai Wai in lines 65-69 "Let...climb") as" "Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the cat's proper position in the household?" It's also possible to have a combo of detail and find-the-evidence questions: "Which choice provides the best evidence that the author of Passage 2 would agree to some extent with the claim attributed to Hatshepsut in lines 41-43, Passage 1?" So what should you do to figure out which question type is most difficult for you? First, when going through practice tests (actual SAT practice tests, mind), be sure to circle the questions that you're unsure you've answered correctly. Next, compare the questions you've circled to the example questions in this article to figure out where your weaknesses lie. And finally, study our articles on specific SAT Reading question types to improve your skills in the areas that you struggle with. Strategy 3: Eliminate Answers This is somewhat related to the strategy of answering questions on individual passages first (because individual passage questions can help you out with the answers to questions on both passages). Questions that ask about both passages have to meet the same standard as questions about a single passage: there must be one unambiguously correct answer. What does this mean for multipassage questions? If part of an answer is wrong, then you can eliminate it completely. Here’s an example of a common multipassage inference question: [practice2q30correctB] Which choice best describes the relationship between the two passages? A) Passage 2 relates first-hand experiences that contrast with the clinical approach in Passage 1.B) Passage 2 critiques the conclusions drawn from the research discussed in Passage 1.C) Passage 2 takes a high-level view of a result that Passage 1 examines in depth.D) Passage 2 predicts the negative reactions that the findings discussed in Passage 1 might produce. Let’s say you’ve just finished answering questions about Passage 2 when you get to this question about both passages, so Passage 2 is pretty clear in your mind. You can start by eliminating the answers that are not true for Passage 2. In this case, you can immediately eliminate A), because Passage 2 does not relate first-hand experiences. (Since the passage is too long to include here, you either have to take my word for it or read the passage in the free practice test in which it appears here.) You can also start to lean towards B), because it is unambiguously true for Passage 2. Why? Passage 1 ends with the following sentence: "We’re exercising the neural circuits devoted to skimming and multitasking while ignoring those used for reading and thinking deeply." On the other hand, the second paragraph of Passage 2 begins with this sentence: "Experience does not revamp the basic information-processing capacities of the brain." As you can see from these sentences, Passage 2 certainly critiques at least one of the conclusions from Passage 1. To confirm it is the right answer, of course, you'd need to skim Passages 1 and 2 again to make sure that there aren't any other conclusions in Passage 1 (or if there are, that Passage 2 critiques them as well) and eliminate the last two answers. A common recommendation for eliminating answers is to cross out answers that are not contrasting (since oftentimes the SAT wants you to compare passages, and what’s the point in comparing passages that are the same?). In this example, eliminating answers that suggest the passages have similarities would cause you to eliminate C) and D), pointing you back to the correct answer, B). However, this "eliminate answers that don't suggest the passages differ" elimination approach should not be considered a hard and fast rule. Depending on the question, the correct answer choice may confirm the two passages agree on something. Therefore, for paired passage questions, we recommend that instead of trying to go with the general strategy of "eliminate answers that don't suggest the passages differ," you still go through the answer choices and eliminate them one by one. If You Must by Michael Coghlan, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. You do not want this cat coming after you for accidentally eliminating the right answer. Strategies To Attack Paired Passage Questions: A Summary #1: Answer Single-Passage Questions First. Answering questions about individual passages will often give you clues to answer questions about both passages. #2: Find Your Weaknesses And Drill Them. Figure out which type of question you tend to get wrong and then focus on improving that skill. #3: Eliminate Answers. If part of an answer is wrong, then you can eliminate it entirely. What’s Next? Find out more about the overall structure and content of SAT Critical Reading in our guide to SAT Reading. Is there a "best way" to read the passage for SAT Reading questions? Learn different ways to approach SAT Reading passages here. Get detailed with your SAT prep by studying each skill SAT Critical Reading questions test, starting with big picture questions and words-in-context questions. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: