Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Discussion Questions - Essay Example This difference has caused social and economic changes in Europe and United States, which include aging population, changing role of women in the labor force, changing family structure, and demographic shifts towards urbanization (Bloom, Canning & Fink, 2008, 15). Labor force is expected to increase but due to changes in age participation rates and low fertility, youth dependency is lowered and female participation in the labor force increases. Economic growth apace and aging population proliferates due to betterment of health care. Thus, to stabilize and increase populations, developed countries focused on behavioral and economic responses that would aid in the betterment of health of working individuals to improve economic growth (Bloom, Canning & Fink, 2008, 1). 2. You are studying the community of a small pond and discover two similar species of fish. You believe they may be competitors, but you want scientific evidence to support or refute this idea. How would you conduct research, including studies you might carry out and findings you would expect if your hypothesis were true? Explain. Answer: To support the belief that two similar species of fish can be competitors, a research should be conducted and started through review of literatures, studies, and theoretical bases as these would provide the strong foundation for the study. For instance, Helfman, Collette, Facey & Bowen (2009) support the idea that members of the same species (like fishes) can compete with the resources and is called intraspecific competition (542). Researcher might carry out an experimental type of research observing two set ups – two same species of fish and two different species of fish to differentiate existence of competition or to assess the degree of competition between two set ups. The existence of competition even with the same species is the expected

Antimony Essay Example for Free

Antimony Essay The ancient Egyptians used it as makeup and today we use it in many ways, â€Å"it† is the element antimony. Discovered by the ancients, this element serves many purposes (it is no longer used as eyeliner, like it was for them), but also has many negative effects on people and the environment. Antimony is a metalloid found in group 15. It is a silvery lustrous rock, and its standard state is a solid. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Antimony has many universal applications that are meant to be beneficial to people. One of its usages is in its form of antimony trioxide, is made into a flame retardant frequently used in toys and seat covers. Of its many functions, antimony is commonly used as an alloy to make other metals stronger. It is primarily alloyed with lead to make it harder. Its alloys are frequently used in batteries and cables. It is also used in some food packaging, usually used as a catalyst in manufacturing polyethylen terephthalate. One can come in contact with antimony in many ways. Antimony is found in the environment, but found in very low levels. The majority of antimony comes from the resources humans use. The antimony used in human products increase the amount of antimony in the natural environment. There is some antimony in soil, but high concentrations of it are found in wastes sites. The most common ways antimony can enter the body is simply consuming it or breathing its dusts in. Also contact with soil with high amounts of antimony can increase unwanted exposure. Since antimony is used to produce some types of food packaging, such as plastic water bottles, consumption is much more likely than breathing it in and touching toxic soil. The use of antimony in the medical field is very scarce considering it has negative side effects. To name a few, some utilizations are, compounds of antimony are used as antiprotozoan drugs and veterinary purposes, tending to be used as a skin conditioner, which is quite ironic considering what antimony is known for doing to skin. Antimony is known for having negative health effects. Antimony as well as its compounds are known to be toxic. If one has too much exposure to antimony it can cause major health impairments. A modest exposure to antimony by breathing it in can have an effect on skin and eyes. A skin condition that one can get by contacting antimony is antimony spots. It is a rash of pustules around sweat glands. Its effect on eye health consists of ocular conjunctivitis. Extreme amounts of antimony exposure can lead to more severe effects on the heart and lungs as well as skin and eyes. And although not proven, antimony and some of its products have been linked to cancer. The only way to prevent any of the bad conditions some antimony product provide, one needs to make sure that one gets as little exposure as possible. It is impossible to steer completely clear of antimony, and it is not necessary, a little exposure will not kill a person, but too much of something is never good.

Comparison Between Lan And Wan Architecture Computer Science Essay

Comparison Between Lan And Wan Architecture Computer Science Essay We have been given this assignment to discuss about the awareness of technologies that are related to the internet and the topic Internet application which we have decided that my topic will be Comparison between LAN and WAN architecture. Using this topic we would have to discuss the current and latest issues that are related to the topic and subject, furthermore discuss the uses of technology and internet applications used in the topic. This topic is about the networks that are used by users across the globe they use these wondrous networks to work, communicate, do business, find information and even play games. Ever since these networks are made people are able to purchase an item or send a massage all by the push of a button. WAN is a network that is more wide in range while LAN is a network that is more limited or has a localized range, both of these networks have their perks and drawbacks and this report is about to discuss all about them including the technologies involved. Objectives Introduce the latest issues of the topic Discuss about the topics advantages and disadvantages Discuss critical comments and analysis What is LAN and WAN Network Architectures WAN A network is a connection between two or more computers that share information, hardware and software with each other this connection can be established via wireless or non-wireless media. LAN and WAN are two different networks that are used by users all around the world. The internet is an example of a WAN network, WAN was first created in 1969 it was first a networking project by ARPANET Pentagons Advance Research Projects Agency the main goal of the project was to allow scientists all around the globe, at different locations to share their information. Only four host nodes at the time and grew to 1000 host nodes in 1984, today there are over 350 million host nodes worldwide using the internet. The internet uses Domain name and IP address to differentiate or identify the computers connected to the internet. WAN is a network that spans over large geographical areas and is consisting of smaller networks called LAN or MAN. WAN is mostly used for business, collecting information, commu nication and other daily uses regardless of the users location. There are many ways to access the internet for example trough Wireless Internet Service Provider, Access provider where some business that provides individuals and other companies and their employees access to the internet with payment or for free. LAN Local area network better known as LAN is a network that has a limited area such as a house, school, computer laboratory, workshop or a small office building. LAN is normally connected through a twisted pair cable, hub or Wi-Fi, LAN is also faster than WAN because of the small area of the network and that the network lack of the need for a leased telecommunication line, in order to share data, printers or a LAN party which means a gathering of users, computers and game consoles for a multiplayer game. In a LAN network there is the main computer called a server and remote computers called clients, a LAN connection can be wireless or wired. Wired LAN network uses cable to connect to all the computers which would like to join the network and the main device called a switch. The wireless however uses radio waves to connect with other clients. Comparison between LAN and WAN Network Architectures There are many differences between LAN and WAN networks, the table displayed below compares the many differences between these two everyday networks. Differences LAN WAN Speed Higher(1000mbps) Lower(150mbps) Owners Owned and controlled by only one user, organization or server Not owned by anyone or any organization Set up costs Set-up costs are low as the devices are low-cost Set-up cost is higher then LAN as the there will be a monthly payment for connection, some connections are free as they are provided by companies Data transfer rate Higher then WAN Lower then LAN Components Use hubs, repeaters, bridges and switches Use router, frame relay switches and multilayer switches Connection Telephone lines and radio waves Often connect trough public networks example telephone lines, leased lines, satellite Maintenance LAN network encounters fewer problems as there are few systems to deal with. Maintenance is easy, faster and cheaper than WAN More errors are encountered in WAN as there are many systems that are at work. Maintenance is harder, slower and tends to be more expensive then LAN Geographical Area LAN covers an area which is within 100meters in length WAN covers a geographical area which is more than 100meters in length Bandwidth High bandwidth then WAN is accessible Low bandwidth is accessible Technical Area of LAN and WAN Network Architectures LAN: How LAN connects LAN has both wired and wireless methods to connect to each other, most LAN networks have a cable running from every computer to a wall jack. The wall jack is connected to a very similar type of cable that runs to a patch panel in a wiring closet. A patch panel is simply cable ports that allow all of the cables coming out of each wall jack to be connected to the LAN freely. Any active wall jack must have the matching port in the patch panel connected to a switch in the wiring closet. A wiring closet is small room or area where all of the wires connect and a building that uses computer networking will have more than one of these wiring closets placed in them, these wiring closets are mainly used for LAN networking. If there are many switches in a wiring closet, they are connected to one or two switches within in the same closet. These serve to connect all of the switches there as well as some of the cable runs entering the room. The switches in a wiring closet are connected to a switch pair in a main wiring closet. The switch pair helps to connect the entire LAN together. These distribution switches connect to the routers that helps the network travel further, connect the switches to the internet or the WAN thus extending the LAN.C:UsersuserDownloadsLANArchitectureDiag1.jpeg LAN Network: Cabling or Wired network Coaxial cable Cable is a medium in where information flows freely from one network device to next and then the next. In a LAN network there are many different types of cables used to connect the devices and computers in it, in the early LAN cabling system LAN used various versions of the coaxial cable. These cables are hard to install and are highly resistant to signal interference. They have a single central solid wire that symmetrically surrounded by a braided or foil conductor. Between the center wire and foil there is the insulation wire and then comes the copper mesh and the outer insulator.C:UsersuserDownloadscoaxla.gif Twisted-pair cable A twisted-pair cable is a cable that is made with an interesting technique, by intertwining the two separate insulated cables together with a certain color code, by doing this process it helps blocking out the electromagnetic interference EMI that could cause problems in the information sent through it. This cable is also the most widely used cable or the most suitable one for LAN networks. There are two different types of twisted pair cable unshielded twisted-pair UTP and shielded twisted-pair STP, the difference is that the STP has a fine wire mesh that surrounds the wire to protect transmissions while the UTP does not, and this is why the UTP is more sensitive than the STP. The STP can also extend to maximum distances and can withstand most environments. This cable was used in IBMs Token Ring in LAN implementation. C:UsersuserDownloadsutp and stp.jpg Fiber Optic cable Fiber optic cable is a the latest version of a LAN cable since the twisted-pair cable, this cable consists of tiny hair like fiber optic glass tubes that transmit the data which is protected by several layers of protective material called Kevlar. These hair like glass tubes transmit information or data with light signals rather than electronic signals, with this design and technology he fiber optic cable eliminates electrical interference, the cable is also known for its immunity to the effects of moisture and lightning which makes it ideal for network connections between buildings. This cable has the ability to transmit signals faster and further then both the coaxial and twisted-pair cable. However there are several disadvantages of the cable, which are the cable is more difficult to install and more costly than both the twisted-pair cable and the coaxial cable.C:UsersuserDownloadsFiber-Cable.jpg LAN Network Topology Network topology is the way they are assembled in which the network of computers and devices connect, each of this topology are used for a specific task and have their own advantages and disadvantages. The computers or users in a network topology are called nodes. Most network topology use a cable as a medium. Bus Topology The bus network topology is the simplest way to connect with multiple nodes, the bus has a single main cable that connects to other nodes, this main cable is also known as the backbone. Each node is connected one right after the other along the backbone, data or information that is sent from a node goes through the backbone until it reaches its receiving node, if an information or data sent such as an email does not reaches the receiving node it will be sent to the terminator which deletes the email completely. The bus is commonly used for implementing Ethernet at 10mbps.C:UsersuserDownloadsbus_topology.gif Advantages Disadvantages Easy to connect to computer or peripheral Backbone breaks entire system shutdown Requires less cable length then star topology Troubleshooting is difficult Ring Topology The ring network is a network topology where each node connects to two other nodes beside it forming a circle or ring and a single continuous link, the nodes are then connected to a main node or the first node. In the network information is passed from one node to the other, which means that a node acts as both the receiver and sender.C:UsersuserDownloadsRING_Topology.png Advantages Disadvantages Easy to wire and install If one node fails entire system fails Troubleshooting is difficult when the entire network fails. Star Topology Star topology is the most common network topology used, unlike the previous topology network the star has a hub or switch in its center, which acts as a conduit that transmits information through the network. Every device in the network is connected to the hub. The hub does not preform filtering or routing type tasks.C:UsersuserDownloadsfigure2.jpg Advantages Disadvantages Easy to modify and add new computers to network without shutting down network Requires more cable then bus and ring topology If one node fails the rest of the network will still function If the hub or switch goes fails the entire network fails Troubleshooting is easy More expensive WAN: NSP NSP also known as network service provider is an organization that does business by selling bandwidth or access to networks such as the internet by providing the backbone access to the internet itself as such the NSP is sometimes referred to or also known as backbone providers or internet providers. WAN network uses NSP to connect to other networks around the world and this is how, by connecting the NSP of other WANs together using links at Internet Packet Interchanges a global communication infrastructure is formed, these interchanges are also called peering points. The NSPs do not generally handle individual customer accounts except for the major corporate customers, but instead deal with intermediate organizations that they can charge for high capacity communications. They generally have an agreement to exchange certain volumes of data at a certain quality of service with other NSPs. So practically any NSP can reach any other NSP, but may require the use of one or more other NSP n etworks to reach the required destination. NSPs vary in terms of the transit delay, transmission rate, and connectivity offered.C:UsersuserDownloadswan.gif WAN: Dial-up access Dial-up internet is a connection which is made by the modem that is built in your computer and through a standard telephones line, by running by running the telephone line to the modem the computer can connect to the internet. This dialing must be done with a specific phone number. The dial-up system is a method that has been the thing of the past as it tends to take a long time to establish a connection with the internet, when it does the internet speed will be very slow. DSL DSL or dial subscribe line is a family of technologies that provide internet access by transmitting data by using the local telephone lines. POTS or better known as Plain Old Telephone Service One, POTS makes the most of the telephone companys wires and equipment is by limiting the frequencies that the switches, telephones and other equipment will carry. Human voices, speaking in normal conversational tones, can be carried in a frequency range of 0 to 3,400 Hertz cycles per second  for a great demonstration of this. This range of frequencies is tiny. These telephone lines are connected by copper wires to each home. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi is a wireless modem that allows a computer to connect to the internet. Wi-Fi can be less secure then the cable connections as bad weather or any other electrical interferences could damage the connection. Wi-Fi has adopted various encryption technologies. The early encryption  WEP, proved easy to break. Higher quality protocols WPA, WPA2 were added later. An optional feature added in 2007, called  Wi-Fi Protected Setup or  WPS, had a serious flaw that allowed an attacker to recover the routers password. Slow speed technology High speed technology Dial-up access uses a modem built in the computer that connects to the telephone line in the house to connect to the internet Cable modem, DSL, WI-FI and satellite modems Connection must be switched on when computer is turned on Connection is always on, when computer is running C:UsersuserDownloadsWAN-network.gif Critical Comments and Analysis This assignment has been a very interesting experience, not only have I learned a lot more regarding aspects of the Internet Applications module but it has also improved my understanding regarding various issues related to Wan and Lan network architectures. Ive come to understand that fundamental difference between them especially in the ways they function, and also in the way to set them up. Lan and Wan are two different networks architectures that are built to serve various users types and will come to play a very fundamental role as the world of information technology develops further. Conclusions The conclusion is, that LAN and WAN is two different networks yet both are just as important, these networks are used every day by everyday people like us. We use them to gather information and communicate with each other. This technology has helped develop our community and will continue developing it.

Harriet Powers :: biographies bio biography

Harriet Powers was born as a slave in 1837 in the state of Georgia. Powers was the creator of two specific quilts which are the most famous and well preserved examples of Southern American quilting tradition still in existence. Powers used the traditional African appliquà © technique coupled with the European record keeping and biblical reference traditions. Using these techniques, Powers was able to capture historical legends and Biblical stories in her quilts. Harriet Powers’ quilts were first seen at a crafts fair by an artist, a Southern white woman named Jennie Smith. Ms. Smith, who kept a diary and upon first meeting Harriet, recalls -- "I found the owner, a negro woman, who lived in the country on a little farm whereon she and her husband made a respectable living. She is about sixty five years old, of a clear ginger cake color, and is a very clean and interesting woman who loves to talk of her 'old miss' and life 'befo de wah.' " At first Harriet Powers was unwilling to sell her quilts to Ms. Smith. Yet when she and her family came into financial difficulty she agreed to sell them. Ms Smith writes -- " Last year I sent her word that I would buy it if she still wanted to dispose of it. She arrived one afternoon in front of my door in an ox-cart with the precious burden in her lap encased in a clean flour sack, which was still enveloped in a crocus sack. She offered it for ten dollars, but I told her I only had five to give. After going out consulting with her husband she returned and said 'Owin to de hardness of de times, my ole man lows I'd better tech hit.' Not being a new woman she obeyed. After giving me a full description of each scene with great earnestness, she departed but has been back several times to visit the darling offspring of her brain.

Cross Cultural Leadership Essay

Leadership is the process of getting work done through others. A leader encourages and motivates others towards accomplishment of certain pre-defined organizational goals. The management maintains the status quo whereas the leadership is responsible for predicting fresh solutions and methodologies. The leadership is responsible for motivating people to bring out their best. The modern leader must be multicultural because corporate success, profit, and growth depend increasingly on the management of a diverse work force. Cross-cultural leadership is a term that identify the diversity of work culture, the fact that the leader (or leaders) may come from social, linguistic, ethnic, or cultural groups but work would be remain same for all. Working with people from different countries, conducting meeting, dealing with clients, entertaining, negotiating and corresponding with colleagues or clients can be a beneficial to the employee to understand the intercultural differences. Understanding intercultural difference ultimately breaks down the barrier and helps to build trust and increase good relationship which yields concrete results in terms of business success. Few key components of cross cultural leadership skill are: Attitudes towards time, Commitments, Success Status Authority Accountability Planning Negotiation Rewards Teamwork Personal boundaries and social interactions Effectively managing a multicultural business requires at least a basic knowledge of employee’s culture and traditions. Familiarity with both is essential because each has a bearing on an employee’s every day behavior. Whether we realize it or not, culture and tradition are powerful principles we always carry with us. Culture is always with people even though people are unaware of it.

Fairy Tales Final Exam Short Answers Essay

1. The Idea of Naming Unique names and titles contribute greatly to the success of fairytales. In classic fairytales, readers identify the protagonist as an icon, rather than a requisite to push the plot. Timeless â€Å"appellations,† such as â€Å"Cinderella,† â€Å"The Little Red Ridinghood,† â€Å"Snow White,† â€Å"Blue Beard,† etc. inheritably connect to public impression. Nowadays, every name has a story behind it, and the name itself is a story. In general, classical fairytale names feature descriptive adjectives, especially colors, which directly refer to the protagonist’s physical characteristic. As a result, names sound both natural and indigenous that readers can easily remember. Thanks to the widely recognized popularity, these vivid appellations now become universal symbols. For example, â€Å"Snow White† denotes unsurpassable beauty rather than a beautiful child â€Å"as white as snow.† In addition, â€Å"Cinderella† literally addresses to a maiden who works all day long in â€Å"cinder,† while nowadays the appellation represents any girl who successfully achieves materialistic progress through marriage, such as Princess Kate. Furthermore, these lively descriptive dictions greatly impact fashion and entertainment industry nowadays; Recently, Christian Louboutin, the famous shoe designer known for his trademark red soles, announced his latest challenge: to design a pair of modern glass slippers since woman has been longing for centuries to find a perfect fit. Names in classic fairytales serve more than a reference to the character, but an idol to carry the timeless stories forward. However, compared to the straightforward names in classics, modern fairytale names feature simplicity and artificial symbolization. For more recent days, fairytale writers tend to simplify the names but focus more on the storylines themselves. Hans Christian Anderson, the celebrated fairytales authors in 19th century, emphasizes on the character’s identity such as â€Å"the little Mermaid, † â€Å"The little match girl,† â€Å"Princess on the peas† instead of detailed physical descriptions. Another 19th century writer, Oscar Wilde also adopts straightforward appellations such as â€Å"the Giant,† â€Å"The happy prince† that inevitably weaken the visual impact on readers. However, the simplicity contributes greatly to the story telling itself, since readers now pay more attention to the plot. People memorize the happy princess as a selfless donor rather than a beautiful, grandeur statue. Also, the â€Å"little match girl† from Anderson wins worldwide sympathy not for the fact she sells matches, but for the suffering. Thus, during the 19th to 20th century, fairytale names move toward simplification and frankness. Furthermore, in contemporary works such as Judy Budnitz’s Flying Leap and Donald Barthelme’s Snow White, writers either artificially embody names with symbolization, or utilize names as agent numbers. For example, in Judy Budnitz’s Hershel, readers intuitively connect the protagonist Hershel, who sells baby as a product through baking them in the oven, to the Hershey chocolate factory. What would happen if technologies allow human to reproduce as baking chocolates? On the other hand, names do not necessarily convey any information of the character. Barthelme assigns random names to the seven dwarfs such as Kevin, Edward, Huburt, etc. in Snow White that carry few significant annotations but effectively smooth the story telling. Thus, in modern days, authors add an artificial flavor to fairytale names that either designed for clarification purposes or for intentional symbolization. As a result, the impact of names gradually deceases from classics to modern works, since modern writers tend to focus more on the ideas rather than to establish a universally recognized icon. 5. Fairytale Family Tree Although most fairytales initially contain violence, cruelty, and sexual descriptions, modern readers intuitively associate fairytales with a perfect heaven-like world. Why? Throughout the past three hundred years, writers, producers, and scholars gradually collaborate to not only remove the dark side of fairytales, but also invest heavily on comic elements to win popularity. As a result, from traditional Perrault to innovative Shrek, modern fairytale reinterpretations celebrate laughter, humor, and optimism to a dramatic extent. As the first person to mark fairytales as a new genre, Perrault maintains most of the violence, sexual inference, and tragic endings in Tale of Mother Goose. However, he attempts to draw a moral lesson from each story, especially those with a sad ending. As a result, these comments provide valuable relief to readers. For example, in Little Red Ridinghood, Perrault warns children against the danger of â€Å"talking to strangers.† Thanks to the warning, children would fear less of the unpredictable death− swallowed by a wolf, but behave cautiously in real life. Obviously, although pessimistic elements inevitably accompany some fairytales, storytellers endeavor to restore the belief of ultimate truth, happiness, and beauty in the end. Following Perrault’s trend, Grimm Brothers deliberately minimizes the number of gloomy fairytale endings. Despite the remaining violence, almost all the princes and princesses symbolically â€Å"live happily ever after.† Since Grimm brothers target children as the major readers, they offer immediate satisfaction to intensify the optimism−originated from Perrault’s moral lessons. As a result, in Grimm Brother’s version, little red ridinghood successfully rescues her grandma as well as defeats the wolf through the hunter’s assistance. Along with Grimm Brother’s efforts, modern movie productions, especially the Walt Disney productions, further strengthen the delightful side in fairytales that elevate the genre as a symbolization of the ideal world. Thanks to the overwhelming influence of Disney productions, fairytales win the favor of children and parents from all walks of life. In addition to the ultimate happy ending, Disney eliminates most of the bloody scenes in movies. For example, in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the evil queen falls off the cliff instead of dancing until death on iron slippers. Thanks to Disney’s emphasis on the bright side, most antagonists receive reduced punishments. Moreover, Disney introduces music, funny appellations, and humanlike animal figures to promote the comical atmosphere. For the first time, producers assign distinguishable names, such as â€Å"Sleepy,† â€Å"Happy,† to the seven dwarfs in the Snow White movie. As a result, Disney movies root deeply in children’s hearts with a perfectly moral kingdom. Furthermore, modern artists seek innovations to alleviate the struggle on the protagonists’ quest in Disney movies; indeed, every moment should bring laughter instead of nervousness to the audience. In addition to the removal of violence, films and productions such as Shrek and Into the woods totally renovate the storyline. No longer serving as the puppets under writers’ manipulation, fairytale characters start to reflect, comment, and even tease each other in a good nature. Undeniably, worldwide audience celebrates the humor when the green ogre Shrek awkwardly kisses the green princess Fiona, proven by Shrek’s commercial and critical success. Based on Disney’s illusion of a perfect world, modern producers further reduce the struggles but laugh at the hardship into lighthearted humor. Overall, through Perrault, Grimm Brother, Disney and contemporary producers’ efforts, worldwide children and parents regard fairytales as the ultimate relief of the real world. Gradually moving away from the dark sides, fairytale nowadays celebrate love, trust, truth and most importantly, humor. 6. Dorian Gray and Budnitz’s stories, fairytales or not? According to Bruno Bettelheim’s definition, Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde hardly meets the qualifications of fairytales. For Bettelheim, fairytale must provide security to readers by directly addressing to the â€Å"existential anxieties and dilemmas,† while Dorian Gray fails to offer such assurance. Instead, Wilde industriously portrays the dark side of human psyche. Also, Bettelheim regards fairytale as a reflection of growth and maturity. However, Dorian Gray obviously never grows up but dies of self-obsession. In fact, Oscar Wilde focuses on Dorian’s struggle to fight against the physical aging process rather than addresses to spiritual awakening. Although Dorian sacrifices his soul in exchange of forever youth and beauty, the eventual punishment fails to show any lessons of struggle. Dorian not only fails to achieve salvation through good deeds, but also shows no regrets of the evil trade. Thus, Bettelheim would very likely dismiss the proposal of categorizing Dorian Gray as a fairytale. In addition, Bettelheim’s theory states that fairytales respond to â€Å"the desperate feelings of loneliness and isolation† rather than narcissism or hedonism. As an aristocrat, Dorian Gray enjoys both materialistic affluence and spiritual fulfillment. Physical beauty effortlessly wins Dorian the love from the upper class under the setting of Victorian London. Especially the appreciation from Lord Henry greatly satisfies Dorian’s self-pride. Thus, Dorian suffers from neither loneliness nor isolation as Bettelheim highlighted but self-obsession. Moreover, Dorian lacks adventures into the world since he mostly struggles against internal human greed, violating Bettelheim’s belief of â€Å"only by going out into the cord†¦can find himself†¦and others live happily ever after.† Furthermore, Dorian Gray’s interaction with the outside world only intensifies his self-obsession, as the crowd incessantly celebrating his beauty. As a result, Dorian Gray only portrays the dark side of human psyche without suggesting any lessons about maturity and growth. On the other hand, Budnitz’s short stories satisfy partially Bettelheim’s expectation of fairytales, but still fail to generate a valuable lesson for adult to learn and grow. For example, Barren directly addresses to the insecurity of adult world: what would happen if human suddenly lose the capability to raise children? However, the story itself fails to provide assurance and relief. In Barren, despite countless endeavor to make babies, humans achieve no progress. The protagonists â€Å"go out into the world† for solutions, for example adopting babies in China and Indian and orphans and sex. However, they return with disappointment and panic. Babies eventually re-appear not because of human’s efforts, but of the invisible hands of fate. Under Bettelheim’s theory, fairytales suppose to show children that â€Å"if one does not shy away from severe difficulties†¦but steadfastly meets unexpected†¦masters all obstacles and emerges victorious†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately, Budnitz not only rings the alert of the danger of generation gaps, but also eliminates the optimism. Compared to fate, human efforts appear so fragile that even the most fundamental ability of reproduction faces the danger. As a result, at the end of the story, readers close the book with unprecedented fear rather than relief. Furthermore, even happy endings do not fully represent fairytales under Bettelheim’s theory. Although stories such as Direction provide a happy reunion, the story itself fails to articulate how to achieve such success. Even old magic provides the readers something to believe, instead of the absolute randomness. Compared to traditional fairytales, Budnitz’s stories leave the readers with too many concerns shadowing the satisfaction. Obviously, Bettelheim would not agree with such incompleteness. Instead, he would probably classify Budnitz’s stories as modern fables since they do teach a meaningful lesson to the readers. 7. Ownership of fairytales As fairytales evolve throughout history, every generation has a unique interpretation. Obviously, Disney productions dominate the modern fairytale interpretation, for children recognize the little mermaid as â€Å"Ariel† and Beauty as â€Å"Bella.† Understandably, critics such as Jack Zipes express blatant jealousy towards Disney’s success by charging that the animation giant â€Å"has attempted to fix them in our minds.† However, in the modern era, Disney movies achieve unprecedented popularity only because they capture the value of modern audience most successfully. Through animations, pillow books, toys, and Disneyland, Disney creates a universal fairytale kingdom with followers in every age group. Although Disney heavily emphasizes on American dream such as affluence, humor, endeavor, and perseverance, the cartoons cross the culture boundary and win recognition all over the world. After all, if Disney does own a monopoly, it is the readers themselves that voluntarily allow Disney characters to root in their minds as fairytale stereotypes. In addition, Disney domination not necessarily sentences the death of other fairytale interpretations. Beyond the Disney stereotypes, Anne Sexton’s Transformation and Bruno Bettelheim’s The Enchant of Fairytales revolutionize my impression of fairytales in the semester, especially the brilliant comments by Sexton. As a huge Disney lover, I never doubt the beauty of fairytale imaginaries. However, lines such as â€Å"The two sisters came to curry favor/and the white dove pecked their eyes out/two hollow spots were left/like soup spoons/† and â€Å"like two dolls in a museum case/never bothered by diapers or dust† in Cinderella add an intrinsic flavor of the real world imperfection into the Disney kingdom. Too many marriages end up with arguments. Maybe the relationship was as perfect as Cinderella and the Prince’s, but what daily arguments actually ruin the sweetness? Or perfect marriage only lasts in the museum case? Although readers frequently seek an idealistic escape in fairytales, such sarcastic comments actually provide an insightful reflection over the real life conflicts. Compared to Sexton’s abrupt commentary, Bettelheim explores the symbolic interpretation of fairytales under logics. In the past, fairytales bring nothing more than happiness, spiritual fulfillment, and moments of relaxation. However, Bettelheim’s The Enchant of Fairytales connects the most straightforward stories to the sophistication of literature. Every character symbolizes a group of children; every adventure teaches a lesson; every journey leads to growth. Most importantly, through Bettelheim’s psychological analysis, the seemingly artificial explanation indeed collaborates into a well-developed theory. For example, Bettelheim interprets the deprivation of the cow as a turning point for Jack to â€Å"encounter the world† and â€Å"do it by himself.† Also, the symbolization â€Å"gold† as pure wealth, â€Å"golden eggs† as the importance of producing wealth, and â€Å"golden harp† as â€Å"beauty,† or â€Å"higher things in life† totally fascinate me. As a result, Bettelheim’s logical analysis overrides my impression from Disney; for the first time that I realize that fairytales can suggest more than dream, but the complete process of growth and maturity as well. In addition, Bettelheim’s theory about the quest into the woods in pursuit of success arouses my personal memory. As an international student, studying abroad itself simulates the adventure. Maybe I am the Hansel or Gretal who fights for survival? Or maybe I am the Jack who climbs into the sky for wealth, recognition, and maturity? Fairytales serve as a reminder of the dream. Undeniably, audience cherishes Disney stories for the vivid visualization of fairytale characters, the celebration of success, or a moment of relief. However, insightful comments in Sexton and Bettelheim also provide an alternative view: rather than stories for entertainment, fairytales open an encyclopedia that guides the path to maturity.

COMMERCIAL LAW Lifting the Veil of Incorporation essay

COMMERCIAL LAW Lifting the Veil of Incorporation essay COMMERCIAL LAW: Lifting the Veil of Incorporation essay COMMERCIAL LAW: Lifting the Veil of Incorporation essayLimited Liability Company is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding inventions of mankind. Along with technological advances, it provided an opportunity for rapid economic development of our civilization over the past century and a half. Such a company, first, is a subject to law separate from its members, and, second, the parties are not liable for its obligations. The latter makes it possible to attract funds of investors into various businesses, including high-risk ones, which creates favorable conditions for the realization of all kinds of innovative projects.Unfortunately, limited liability companies are often used in bad faith, in particular, as a tool to defraud creditors. This raises the question whether it is necessary to always adamantly follow the principle of limited liability, or sometimes this principle can be omitted placing the responsibility to the creditors on the participants of the company or other responsibl e persons. It is obvious that such exceptions are sometimes quite feasible and can be realized in the frameworks of piercing the veil of incorporation doctrine. At the same time, these conditions must be sufficiently restrictive so as not to discredit the very concept of limited liability. Further in this paper, we will explain the concept of lifting corporate veil by using real life examples and show the imperativeness of its importance.Lifting the veil: law practicePerhaps for the first time the issue of lifting the corporate veil was discussed at a high judicial level in a classic case of Salomon v A. Salomon Co Ltd of 1897. The majority shareholder owned 20001 shares of the company, while his wife and children owned six more (under the law of time the company should have had at least seven shareholders). Despite the fact that the majority shareholder completely controlled the shoe factory, which eventually went bankrupt, the House of Lords, acting as a court of highest resort, denied liquidator to entrust the shareholder liable for the debts of the company. The court in this case took quite a formalistic position, stating that all the requirements of the law regarding the establishment of a limited liability company had been met, and the court had no right to add any additional requirements to them (Presser, 2012, p.24). However, development of corporate forms in global business environment led the jurisprudence to the fact that in some cases the courts recognized the need to retreat from the principle of limited liability of shareholders (participants) of the company and the company’s management bodies, as well as the liability of parent companies for the actions of their subsidiaries.The essence of the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil is in assigning responsibility of an independent legal entity to third parties. In practice, this term is used in three cases (Presser, 2012; Franklin, 2013):When the court in dealing the issue of liability of the legal entity departs from the principle of the limited liability of the founders (participants) and places the responsibility on them;When the court ignores the separateness of legal entities belonging to a holding or a group of legal entities, and, based on the principle of â€Å"single economic unit†, imposes liability of an independent legal entity on separate legal entities comprising the holding or group;When the court imposes liability on the bodies of the legal entity.However, the most difficult issue in such cases is to determine the criteria by which the company will be subject to lifting the veil. In general, basing on Presser (2012), Franklin (2013), and Nyombi (2014), in the context of civil proceedings the courts have identified at least three situations where it is appropriate to lift the corporate veil. First, if the offender is trying to hide behind the corporate facade or veil to hide one’s crime and benefits from it. Second, if the offender commi ts an act on behalf of the company, which (with the mandatory presence of guilt) constitutes a criminal offense leading to one’s conviction; in this case the corporate veil is not even lifted but rather offhandedly torn off. Third, if the transaction or commercial structures are â€Å"device†, â€Å"cloak† or â€Å"sham†, that is, an attempt to disguise the true nature of the transaction or structure to defraud third parties or courts. Thus, we can conclude that the corporate veil lifting in civil disputes is based on the criteria of â€Å"ownership and control’ and â€Å"bad faith† subject to mandatory proof.The first element is denoted by the term â€Å"dominance† and the idea is that the controlling person has the ability to fully define actions of the controlled entity. To establish the fact of control, a number of factors can be used that considered together may indicate the presence of total control feature (situation where the company is the alter ego or instrumentality of its owner), as researched by Nyombi (2014), Franklin (2013) and OECD (2001):Insufficient independence, i.e. providing a minimum ownership capital insufficient for conducting activities;Milking the company use of company’s funds for personal needs of the owner (direct payment of personal telephone calls, personal vehicles, personal purchases, expenses of relatives, etc. from the corporate accounts);Misrepresentation – distortion of facts regarding business activities, information about location, company’s assets, managerial staff, providing false addresses, nominees as the administrative body of the company;Commingling and holding out the use of joint accounts, facilities, transport and other property;Non-compliance with corporate procedures/formalities: the absence or irregular conduct of meetings of participants, absence or merely a nominal presence of directors and other employees, inobservance of recordkeeping requirements, lack of bank account or conducting corporate transactions from the owner’s account, conducting business on behalf of the company and not on behalf of the owner, submitting no reports or irregular reporting documentation to the public and other authorities;Non-payment of dividends, non-distribution of profits;Using the company to pay the debts of other companies or those of the owner.The main criteria for the recognition of a company as the shareholder’s agent were established in 1939 in the case of Smith, Stone Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corporation (BC wanted to compulsorily acquire the land owned by SSK’s subsidiary Birmingham Waste Co Ltd, and parties disputed the compensation directly to Smith, Stone Knight Ltd, cited in Presser (2012, p.65), which included the following noticeable ones (Presser, 2012, p.69):Profit of the company is considered as the profit of the shareholder;Shareholder appoints the persons carrying out activities on behalf of the company;Shareholder is the brain center of the company;Shareholder has permanent control over the company’s business;Turning to more modern precedents, we should remember the case of DHN Food Distributors v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council of 1976, though it was not quite usual in the sense that the very controlling entity of the company demanded to lift the corporate veil (Presser, 2012, p. 93). Thus, the parent company wanted to take the place of the subsidiary it controlled. In this case, a plot of land in London formally owned by the company belonging to DHN-holding group that owned a grocery store was subject to the mandatory buyout for public use. DHN store warehouse was located on the buy-out land, and by the agreement with the affiliate DHN enjoyed the right perpetual lease of land. Its withdrawal led to the cessation of DHN business, and it could claim for damages if it owned the plot. DHN applied to the court for the corporate veil lifting, referring to the fact that it completely controlled its subsidiary. Namely, (1) it participated in the affiliate’s capital by 100%, (2) directors were the same people, and (3) the affiliate was used by the holding exceptionally to own the land and did not conduct any independent activity. The Court agreed with the arguments of the plaintiff and lifted the corporate veil, allowing DHN receive compensation for withdrawal of the land instead of the subsidiary.In all cases of principal-agent relationship between the company and its shareholder, the company actually lost its independence, which gave courts the grounds for departing from the principle of Solomon. At the same time, ownership and control are not sufficient criteria to lift the corporate veil. The court cannot lift the veil only because, in its opinion, it meets the interests of justice, but the corporate veil should be lifted if the case also involves impropriety, abuse of rights, deception or offense (Anderson, 2012, p. 133). As ex plained by OECD Taxation (2001, p.39), the essence of this criterion is that the controlled entity is used by the controlling person to the detriment of a third party and at the same time as the tool to escape from responsibility of the controlling person itself. In this situation, the case goes about using the corporate structure of the company as a facade to conceal the facts.For example, in Jones v Lipman (1962) (cited in Franklin, 2013, p.10), the defendant made a commitment by the contract to sell the land to the plaintiff, after which the one decided not to carry out the sale, set up a company being its shareholder and director, passed the land to its possession and refused to execute the contract with the plaintiff. Respondent filed suit for specific performance. The court obliged the director of the established company, and the company itself which was the creation of the controlling director, tool and veil, the mask which he held in front of his face to become invisible to the law of justice. Furthermore, in Adams v CapeIndustries (1990), it was found that there is no general principle according to which a group of companies should be regarded as one person (Anderson, 2012, p. 134). Thus, in Polly Peck International Plc (1996) it was found that a subsidiary being a financial mechanism created with the sole purpose of obtaining a loan should not have been considered part of the holding company (respectively, holding’s responsibility was not attached), even despite the fact that lenders issuing the loan, obviously, gave the money based on the trust to the latter (Presser, 2012, p.111). The precedent for further monitoring of offshore companies and for the recovery of lost revenue due to the activities of their owners was also created y the case of Antonio Gramsci v Stepanovs (2011) (Anderson, 2012, p. 135).Thus, in case of the presence of dominant control and impropriety related to the use of corporate structure to avoid or conceal liability, cor porate veil should be lifted in order to prevent corporate fraudulent activities and avoidance of executing contractual or other legal obligations. At the same time, shareholders may be accepted as personally liable if their illegal purposes or deliberate concealment of the true state of affairs is proved.ConclusionUnder current law, a legal entity is separate, individual and independent from its founders, having the ability to own property, to enter into commitments, and sue and be sued. An immanent feature of the legal entity’s independent nature is the limited liability of its founders: they are not liable for the obligations of the legal entity, that is, they are behind its veil. Development and complication of civil turnover led to the need to develop a list of exceptions to this principle, mainly to counteract the abuse of this right. â€Å"Lifting the veil† doctrine is included today in the corporate law of many countries aimed at providing diligent and proper e xercise of civil rights and civic duties.Piercing the corporate veil is an instrument for balancing the interests of the companies’ members (shareholders) and the interests of creditors, and is valid to uncover the ultimate beneficiary and fulfill the rights of creditors, if the entity is created only for the use of participants’ limited liability in terms of debts, which is particularly evident in activities of â€Å"one person† companies. In our opinion, despite the existing differences in interpretation, the institution should be used not to destruct the limited liability, but to prevent the unlimited one. In particular, it makes sense to consider the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil in the overall context of the fight against abuse of corporate relations, as well as a kind of addition to the norms of the written law, stipulating that under certain circumstances company participants can be deprived of their privilege of limited liability.

Western Lowland Gorilla essays

Western Lowland Gorilla essays Humans share more than 98 percent of our DNA with gorillas. Because of our arboreal heritage, primates share assiduous anatomical characteristics, including depth and color vision, opposable thumbs, and fingertip pads as the primary organs of touch (Kottak, 109). Large and complex brains, tool making, living in social groups, and committing time and care in offspring are other similarities between humans and gorillas. The population of the western lowland gorilla has declined rapidly over the past decade. Estimates range between 90,000 and 110,000 individuals, with the population spread across the lowland tropical forests of Central Africa, from Nigeria to the Congo River, but this figure is now thought to be grossly exaggerated (Western Gorilla.org). The largest of all primates, the western lowland gorilla, is usually characterized as having hair that varies from black to grey or brown. Hair covers their entire body except for their face, upper chest, and the soles of their hands and feet. Adult males are silverbacks. All males acquire silver hair on their back and upper thighs when they reach sexual maturity. Adult females usually weigh between 150 to 300 pounds, while adult males weigh 350 to 600 pounds (Animal Fact Sheets). Western lowland gorillas live in structured family groups. A group consists of one silverback male, several unrelated females, ranging from juvenile to adult, and infants. The silverback is in charge of the group. He regulates their schedule. The silverback keeps the peace within the group and stops occasional disputes between females (Columbus Zoo and Aquarium). Gorillas are most active during the day. They spend a considerable amount of time searching for food and eating. They are terrestrial creatures. Adult gorillas tend to be too heavy to be brachiate and be arboreal. Western lowland gorillas can be bipedal for short distances, but generally get around by ...

A Natural Solution

Natural solution For many people cancer is a fearful word. Because cancer causes pain and harmful consequences, humans do not want cancer to be part of their lives. Like cancer, marijuana is another word that humans are worried about. In most cases, cannabis is abused and causes problems for people abusing cannabis. The attitudes towards these two words are similar, but they are not. Adult stem cells are natural solutions. They exist naturally in our body and they provide a natural repair mechanism to many organizations in our body. They belong to the adult microenvironment and embryonic stem cells belong to the early embryonic microenvironment, not adult, and they often cause tumor and immune system reactions. Most importantly, adult stem cells have been successfully used for the treatment of humans for many years. So far, embryonic stem cells have not been successfully used for human therapy. On the other hand, new therapies using adult stem cells have been developed. Embryos for c ardiac repair and adult stem cells are an active area of ​​research. Many cells including adult bone marrow derived cells including embryonic stem (ES) cells, cardiac stem cells naturally present in the heart, myoblast cells (muscle stem cells), tissue mesenchymal cells (bone marrow derived cells, these cells) Stem cell muscle, bone, tendon, ligament and adipose tissue, endothelial progenitor cells (producing endothelial cells, endovascular layer) and umbilical cord blood cells serve as a potential source for regenerating damaged cardiac tissue Have been studied. All of these have been investigated in mouse and rat models, and some are being tested with larger animal models such as pigs. Fortunately, bed wetting problems have natural solutions and medical solutions. With years of research and experience, today's medical professionals can provide a complete solution to overcome bedwetting. Natural treatments are more relevant to efforts to create and repair bad toilet h abits, but drugs reduce the amount of urine produced from the body at the time of taking. Bedwetting is directly related to moisture consumption. The more people consuming moisture, the more likely he will wet the bed. This is a problem that directly affects health. In order to suppress the wetting of the bed people prefer to consume a small amount of water as their body reached dehydratable condition. Problems such as dry throat, yellow urine, urine smell started to occur, patient health began to decline further. The doctor always advises people to drink water before going to bed. A Natural Solution Natural solution For many people cancer is a fearful word. Because cancer causes pain and harmful consequences, humans do not want cancer to be part of their lives. Like cancer, marijuana is another word that humans are worried about. In most cases, cannabis is abused and causes problems for people abusing cannabis. The attitudes towards these two words are similar, but they are not. Adult stem cells are natural solutions. They exist naturally in our body and they provide a natural repair mechanism to many organizations in our body. They belong to the adult microenvironment and embryonic stem cells belong to the early embryonic microenvironment, not adult, and they often cause tumor and immune system reactions. Most importantly, adult stem cells have been successfully used for the treatment of humans for many years. So far, embryonic stem cells have not been successfully used for human therapy. On the other hand, new therapies using adult stem cells have been developed. Embryos for c ardiac repair and adult stem cells are an active area of ​​research. Many cells including adult bone marrow derived cells including embryonic stem (ES) cells, cardiac stem cells naturally present in the heart, myoblast cells (muscle stem cells), tissue mesenchymal cells (bone marrow derived cells, these cells) Stem cell muscle, bone, tendon, ligament and adipose tissue, endothelial progenitor cells (producing endothelial cells, endovascular layer) and umbilical cord blood cells serve as a potential source for regenerating damaged cardiac tissue Have been studied. All of these have been investigated in mouse and rat models, and some are being tested with larger animal models such as pigs. Fortunately, bed wetting problems have natural solutions and medical solutions. With years of research and experience, today's medical professionals can provide a complete solution to overcome bedwetting. Natural treatments are more relevant to efforts to create and repair bad toilet h abits, but drugs reduce the amount of urine produced from the body at the time of taking. Bedwetting is directly related to moisture consumption. The more people consuming moisture, the more likely he will wet the bed. This is a problem that directly affects health. In order to suppress the wetting of the bed people prefer to consume a small amount of water as their body reached dehydratable condition. Problems such as dry throat, yellow urine, urine smell started to occur, patient health began to decline further. The doctor always advises people to drink water before going to bed.

Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce to consumers (B2C) Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce to consumers (B2C) - Essay Example However, reputable websites have installed the safeguards to protect their consumers from all concerns Encryption and decryption system for authentication of users, and close working with cybercrime handling companies. They have installed premium antivirus and firewalls (Parsons and Oja, 2011). Consumer can access the online system and gets a complete information about products, saves time and cost. Consumers can compare the prices of different products and select the best company offering quality products at a low cost (Joseph, 2012). Consumers feel difficulty in inspecting the some of items like food items, jewellery and antique etc. from remote locations. Most disadvantage of E-Commerce is the rapid expansion of the underlying technologies (Parsons and Oja, 2011). Cultural environment of consumers has been changed through the use of E-Commerce. Consumers have overcome their cultural and native-environment. Because consumers’ trust has been explored through the online system. Advanced system have reduced the mistrust of consumers regardless of their cultures, such as Amazon.com, Ebay etc. (Ong, 2013). Many E-Commerce websites have legal and cultural issues for conducting their business. Most of the consumers fear about using their credit cards and sending the numbers over the internet. Other consumers show their resistance in changes and feel uncomfortable when they look merchandise on the computers’ screens (Joseph, 2012). Consumers can expand their choice of products in order to buy products at any time from anyplace. Consumers can customize products to meet their personal benefits. transparency in the E-Commerce has resulted in to an intensive competition that has lowered the products’ prices for consumers (Azadi, 2011). Unlike physical shopping from mortar and brick store where customers can talk to service providers, E-Commerce does not provide such as platform to customers. Much of services provided by e-commerce involve the

Craft and Cadbury horizontal merger as means of company growth Essay

Craft and Cadbury horizontal merger as means of company growth - Essay Example In 2010, 21 acquisitions have taken place till now and the total value is found to be 1.5 billion dollars. One of the most talked about merger and acquisition in the recent time is the Kraft and Cadbury horizontal merger. This report is all about this merger. The report tries to find out the relationship between the Kraft and Cadbury merger and the growth of both the company. Kraft foods Inc is one of the oldest and largest food and confectionary companies in the world. The company started its journey in the year 1903. Today the products of the company are consumed by billions of people in over 150 countries in the world. The company employs more than 100,000 people. Cadbury, on the other hand is one of the most popular confectionary company. The company is renowned for three different types of confectionary – chocolate, candy and gum. It started its journey in 18th century and it has its presence in 60 countries. The company employs almost 45,000 people. After the merger between these two giants (Kraft and Cadbury) Kraft foods have become the second leading food company in the world. It has also become the number one company in confectionary sector. Its total revenue is found to be almost 50 billion dollars. There are eleven brands; value of each of these is found to be 1 billion dollar. Moreover there are more than 70 brands, each of which is a 100 million dollars brand. It is found that 34% of Kraft’s middle and senior level management is women. Furthermore 30 leaders are found to be from 10 different nationalities (Kraft Foods. Building a global powerhouse). As a result it can be said that there is a diverse global team that is running Kraft Foods Inc. after its merger with Cadbury. In September, 2009 a proposal was made from Kraft foods Inc. to the Cadbury Inc.’s board regarding the merger of two companies. According to CNN, on September

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) Essay

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) - Essay Example Thus, fundementally, the presence of social problems don't always ignite a war; it's the inability of the governing body to contain these issues that ignites it. Then again, it will take more fuel for wars to actually begin and sustain itself. This is where propaganda comes in. Looking at the two major wars in history - World War I and World War II, you would find countless of various forms of propaganda urging the people to support these wars. It could take take form of a compelling speech, a passionate hymn or an intruging poster, which will essentially get the people's support or sympathy. When used right, propaganda can be a very powerful fuel that would drive the success of a war or a revolution. Of course, that would depend on which side you're looking at. In the course of history, you would find external wars between countries, and internal wars within a specific region. Different ways and styles of propaganda had been used for these battles. World War I erupted in the year 1914. Years of power struggle and policy conflicts between the world's super powers - The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers - led to one of the deadliest conflicts in history. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by the Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip was the breaking point. This triggered Austro-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia and a whole series of events leading to the spread of conflict worldwide (Marshall, p 1). Looking into the history of World War I, you would find various reasons why it even began. Depending on which side you're studying, you'll find different propaganda's making the other side as the evil enemy. Countries involved in the war used propaganda to raise people's support and morale. Externally, it was also used to gain allies. The involvement of US in World War I is one example of how propaganda worked externally among countries. Initially, the US had made a bold stand to stay out of the war. However, the sleeping super power had been put under pressure by its allies. At the same time, Germany had attacked U.S. naval ships. The tipping point was when the British governement revealed to the U.S. the Zimmerman telegram, which was a proposal of Berlin to Mexico to join the war as Germany's ally against the U.S. All these compounding events led to the participation of America three years after the war started. During the war-torn years, various propaganda materials came out in America to reinforce the decision why the country joined the war in the first place. An independent agency, called Committee on Public Information, was established specifcially to influence public opinion regarding the US intervention in WWI. Since 'propaganda' has such a bad image for the Americans, the committee's leader, George Creel, defined their activities as "not propaganda as the Germans defined it, but propaganda in the true sense of the word, meaning the 'propagation of faith' (Crumm, 19). Under this group, America's most famous illustrators such as James Montgomery Flagg, Joseph Pennell, and Louis D. Fancer had gathered together to create some of WWI's most compelling and influential images. The most popular propaganda poster was of Uncle Sam - personification of US - which encouraged

ICT Use at Hollow Meadows Health & Spa Resort Essay

ICT Use at Hollow Meadows Health & Spa Resort - Essay Example The paper tells that the hospitality business of Hollow Meadows Health & Spa Resort is conceptualized on the idea of offering services in the following areas: weight loss programme, exercise, nutrition, well being, nutrition and healthy cooking classes, Spa, romantic weekend getaways for couples, outdoor activities as well as bar/pub and restaurant. The main idea behind the business concept is to maximise revenue and occupancy through targeting several markets given that there are few organisations offering unique fitness training holidays to reduce weight and to start a new life with a healthy regime and lifestyle. The concept of business is further supported by the idea that the surrounding areas and the premises would give a great ground base towards the creation of the vision of the business which is not only limited to exercising and weight loosing, but also cooking lessons, nutrition advice and a long term solution for the clients. The business concept also encompasses secondar y offer in cosy boutique rooms which will mainly concentrate on couples wanting to spend a romantic weekend in beautiful surroundings through outdoor activities and spa treatments. However, in order to achieve quality outcomes of the business concept in the hospitality services, it is imperative to harness the appropriate use of information and communication technology. During the contemporary period, it can be noted that the phenomenal growth of the new information and communication technology particularly the internet has revolutionized the ways people conduct business. (Haag, Cummings & Dawkins, 2000). Information pertaining to carrying out business can be exchanged electronically between parties involved and there are many benefits of using this business strategy for the stakeholders involved. Essentially, each business is primarily concerned with serving its customers in a profitable way and this feat can be achieved if that business is in possession of the right information ab out the targeted audiences at the right time which can only be attainable through the appropriate use of information and communication technology as going to be explained below. In this particular case, there is a trend showing cross functional business systems within the same enterprise which require the use of an integrated communication system such as the internet in order to fully support the management of the concept. Business of this particular nature is comprised of interrelated departments which through combined efforts by the stakeholders involved are aimed at achieving the same goal (Robbins, 1997). However, it is quite challenging to achieve a cross functional team approach in the organisation of this nature without harnessing IT which is supportive of horizontal flow of information. This entails that there is need for coordination between different systems within that particular organisation in order to achieve the set goals. Thus, management of the business concept can be supported by the appropriate use of technology and information systems which are the means by which people and organisations, utilising technologies, gather, process, store, use and disseminate information (Haag, Cummings & Dawkins, 2000). The internet in this particular case is more ideal given that it has several advantages to the targeted audiences as well as organisation as a whole. The rationale behind this strategy

The History Of Women And Science Research Paper

The History Of Women And Science - Research Paper Example One of the earliest women known in science was Hypatia and was a mathematician and an astrologer. She lived in Alexandria in the 4th century. She followed her father who was a professor of mathematics and philosophy. As states, students flocked into her classes to listen to her lectures. Hypatia wrote several mathematical texts. However, the texts that she wrote were destroyed when the library at the Alexandria University was sacked and burnt down. Hypatia was well respected for her contributions to science. However, she was murdered for her participation in political struggles between the Neo-Platonists and the Christians. When the modern science emerged in the 17th century, the institutional base of science shifted. Several societies were established during the seventeenth century, such as the Royal Society of London and the Academie des Sciences in Paris (Schlesinger 25).However, women were not allowed to participate in these societies for a period of about 300 years. Evidence fro m the seventeenth and eighteenth century reveals that a significant number of women were active in science and were waiting to take their place in the new institutions of science. For instance, Maria Winkelmann who was a German Philosopher was one of those women. Of all the people who were working in the fields of science, in Germany, only 14 percent were women. During that time, it was problematic for women to perform activities while in the field of science.  For instance, Winkelmann was forced to publish her astronomical work.

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) Essay

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) - Essay Example Thus, fundementally, the presence of social problems don't always ignite a war; it's the inability of the governing body to contain these issues that ignites it. Then again, it will take more fuel for wars to actually begin and sustain itself. This is where propaganda comes in. Looking at the two major wars in history - World War I and World War II, you would find countless of various forms of propaganda urging the people to support these wars. It could take take form of a compelling speech, a passionate hymn or an intruging poster, which will essentially get the people's support or sympathy. When used right, propaganda can be a very powerful fuel that would drive the success of a war or a revolution. Of course, that would depend on which side you're looking at. In the course of history, you would find external wars between countries, and internal wars within a specific region. Different ways and styles of propaganda had been used for these battles. World War I erupted in the year 1914. Years of power struggle and policy conflicts between the world's super powers - The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers - led to one of the deadliest conflicts in history. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by the Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip was the breaking point. This triggered Austro-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia and a whole series of events leading to the spread of conflict worldwide (Marshall, p 1). Looking into the history of World War I, you would find various reasons why it even began. Depending on which side you're studying, you'll find different propaganda's making the other side as the evil enemy. Countries involved in the war used propaganda to raise people's support and morale. Externally, it was also used to gain allies. The involvement of US in World War I is one example of how propaganda worked externally among countries. Initially, the US had made a bold stand to stay out of the war. However, the sleeping super power had been put under pressure by its allies. At the same time, Germany had attacked U.S. naval ships. The tipping point was when the British governement revealed to the U.S. the Zimmerman telegram, which was a proposal of Berlin to Mexico to join the war as Germany's ally against the U.S. All these compounding events led to the participation of America three years after the war started. During the war-torn years, various propaganda materials came out in America to reinforce the decision why the country joined the war in the first place. An independent agency, called Committee on Public Information, was established specifcially to influence public opinion regarding the US intervention in WWI. Since 'propaganda' has such a bad image for the Americans, the committee's leader, George Creel, defined their activities as "not propaganda as the Germans defined it, but propaganda in the true sense of the word, meaning the 'propagation of faith' (Crumm, 19). Under this group, America's most famous illustrators such as James Montgomery Flagg, Joseph Pennell, and Louis D. Fancer had gathered together to create some of WWI's most compelling and influential images. The most popular propaganda poster was of Uncle Sam - personification of US - which encouraged

The History Of Women And Science Research Paper

The History Of Women And Science - Research Paper Example One of the earliest women known in science was Hypatia and was a mathematician and an astrologer. She lived in Alexandria in the 4th century. She followed her father who was a professor of mathematics and philosophy. As states, students flocked into her classes to listen to her lectures. Hypatia wrote several mathematical texts. However, the texts that she wrote were destroyed when the library at the Alexandria University was sacked and burnt down. Hypatia was well respected for her contributions to science. However, she was murdered for her participation in political struggles between the Neo-Platonists and the Christians. When the modern science emerged in the 17th century, the institutional base of science shifted. Several societies were established during the seventeenth century, such as the Royal Society of London and the Academie des Sciences in Paris (Schlesinger 25).However, women were not allowed to participate in these societies for a period of about 300 years. Evidence fro m the seventeenth and eighteenth century reveals that a significant number of women were active in science and were waiting to take their place in the new institutions of science. For instance, Maria Winkelmann who was a German Philosopher was one of those women. Of all the people who were working in the fields of science, in Germany, only 14 percent were women. During that time, it was problematic for women to perform activities while in the field of science.  For instance, Winkelmann was forced to publish her astronomical work.

Compare & Contrast Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

Compare Contrast Han and Rome Essay When Han China and Imperial Rome are compared, one can find both similarities and differences in terms of techniques of imperial administration. A similarity would be that both are bureaucracies. However, both are also different. One major difference is that Han China had the civil service exams. They also differed because Han China had a much greater emphasis on religion than the Romans. These differences led to very different futures for the two empires, both of which were among the strongest in the world at the time. . The first comparison is that both Han China and Imperial Rome were bureaucracies. They had a sole ruler, but they had many others governing specific portions of the empire. This allowed for the empire as a whole to be in better shape. This is due to the fact that a more localized ruler would better know both the area and its needs. They would also be more dedicated to their job as they would be managing the area they live in, so every decision they make would impact not only their life but possibly the lives of family living in the regions they are governing. The empires would be much worse off if they had their single ruler managing everything, as they would not fully understand the needs of the areas, nor would they care as much as they would most likely have no personal ties to those regions. Due to this, both empires were much more powerful and well organized. Another comparison is that Han China had the civil service exams, while Imperial Rome had nothing similar. The exam allowed for overall better governing and management of the empire. This is because the examination filtered out those who were unqualified for those positions and instead filled them with intelligent people who could do good for the empire. If they let unqualified people in that would greatly increase poor management because they would not be knowledgeable enough to make decisions that would benefit not only that one area, but the empire as a whole. Without the civil service exams, many unqualified people entered positions of power in Rome, and so there were many problems. The final comparison is that Han China had a greater emphasis on religion than Imperial Rome. In Han China, this was found in the mandate of heaven, the structure of family found in the government, and that to get a good job in the government one needed to be educated in Confucianism. When the Han first took power, they incorporated the mandate of heaven into Confucian values, If the ruler was a good ruler, then they were supported by the heavens. Confucianism also led to the family hierarchy becoming the basis for government structure. Subjects owed the emperor the same obedience that they gave to their fathers. Religion was also important because one needed to be knowledgeable in Confucianism to get a good job, as the tests were mainly based off of Confucian texts. Rome, on the other hand, had no real religion within the government. While both Han China and Imperial Rome were different in terms of imperial administration because of Han China’s civil service exam, as well as Han China’s focus on religion, they are still similar due to the fact that they are bureaucracies. Even so, these differences and more led to very different futures for both empires, neither of which ended very well.

Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company

Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Business Idea and Goals CEC Trading Ltd. is a Nano Energy Water Flask trading company in Miri, Sarawak. The products that we sell are water flasks that release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. This company intends to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. It is because the water flasks that this company is selling are one of a kind. It also made up of good quality and the price is very affordable. Three elements that this company concentrates on in order to reach our goal are our customers, our supplier and our employees. The major shareholder of this company (Vivian Ngu) intended to initiate the business with more than 5 employees and sell approximately 10500 water flasks in the first year which will increase in rational amount in the following month. The company intends to generate at least MYR 294,000 in sales revenue and make MYR 65,200 profit in the end of its first year of trading. 1.2 Marketing The main targets of this business are customers; range from students to workers, most likely everyone. Our company has a warehouse for storing the water flasks and we had chosen a strategic place which is situated at Jalan Bintang, Shop Lot No. 68. On the other hand, our company is selling the Nano Energy water flasks in Parkson, which is located in a shopping mall named Bintang Plaza. The reason we chose Bintang Plaza as the main location for our business is because of the huge flow of customers who visit Bintang Plaza daily. 1.3 Products Nano Energy water flasks can release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. It can restore the water’s PH level to the ideal level, which is 7.0 to 7.4. Thus, it will change the water to alkaline water which benefit to health. The Nanotechnology breaks down water molecule into smaller possible size so that they are more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, the taste of the water is smoother, sweeter and easily absorbed by our body cell as osmosis may occur easily. Drinking energized water regularly also kept us away from suffering different kind of health diseases. Moreover, the energized water penetrates deep into the body cells more easily, transfers nutrients to the body more efficient and takes away un-useful product from our body system, thus making us strong and healthy. 1.4 Sales and Promotion Promotion of the business will take place using a variety of methods, including advertising through distributing flyers from school to school, making banner, emails and telephone ordering. We will pay a few workers to distribute flyers from one place to another place. For examples, Curtin University and always all the secondary school in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 1.5 Finance CEC Trading is a self-funding company as the initial shareholdings of RM 8000 will be injected by the major shareholder of the company (Vivian Ngu), and RM 5000 by other shareholders (Damilola, Faiznur Dilan, Wong Wen Yi and Wong Soon Siong). The company estimating the business will always show a positive value of cash surplus in every month for the first year of the operation. The company will not apply for any form of loans from outside party including bank in the first year of the operation. 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 Mission Statement CEC Trading Ltd. is not only aim to be one of the well-known Nano Energy water flasks traders in Malaysia but also aim to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. We want our product which is the unique Nano Energy water flask known as the best water flask in Malaysia as it is a beneficial product and it is made up of good quality. As well as any other company, we also would like to gain profit as much as possible. In order to attain our missions, our company will focus to the followings: 1. The Product: Our good which is Nano Energy Water Flask is made with 304 stainless steel. There is a filter inside the water flask which will be builded up from 13 kinds of natural materials such as tourmaline, zeolites, manifanshi, nano silver powder, kaolin earth, rare earth, far infrared stone, muyu stone, clay and others. The combinations of different kind of natural resources are approved scientifically to give highest efficiency to the water. 2. The Employees: The employees will be trained to do their own role efficiently. They will also be motivated by attending program which then they will produce better performance. 3. The Consumers: We are targeting adult as well as children and ageing people to consume our products since our product is available to any age. We would like to make sure that our customer satisfied with their purchases of the Nano Energy water flasks. For the capital, the amount capital needed to start the business is RM28,000. The amount of capital stated is needed to cover up all of the essential expenses that the business required to set up the business. The sum of capital that stated above is also needed to achieve a positive cash surplus in the first month. 2.2 Company History This is a new business which all started from the observation that we, the shareholders made. We had a discussion and came up with an idea of selling water flasks. The water flasks that our company planning to sell are water flasks with special features and benefits, which are the Nano Energy water flasks. This water flasks release charges of negative ions to the water and it is good for our health. In addition, the reason we chose to sell Nano Energy water flasks is due to the high demand of health products which needs a huge amount of money. On the other hand, we can also save the environment by reducing the use of plastic water bottle. Thus, by combining both of these situations, this company is set up. Furthermore, customers will not have to spend lots of money for their health products; instead they can buy the Nano Energy water flasks which only cost them MYR 28. 2.3 Business Goals The short-term goal of this company is to employ at least 5 persons full time on a salary of approximately MYR 4,900 per month. Our company planned to run our business within Sarawak for a start. The Nano Energy water flasks will be distributed to a few parts of Sarawak which are Miri (the main place of our business), Sibu and also Kuching. Furthermore, our company targeted to sell about 10500 water flasks in a year, which would probably increasing in the following month and gain a net profit at least MYR 65,200 for future investments. For the long term goal, our company wanted to expand the company into a bigger company by selling the Nano Energy water flasks to West Malaysia and Sabah. This is because we want to widen our market range and we would like to gain more profit. In order to achieve our long- term goal, we will analyse our weaknesses and strive to improve our business strategies. 3.0 MARKET CEC company is a trading company that buy product from a manufacturer (whole sellers) then sell to retailers which is to the shop we decided to sell our products. Then we sell our product to consumers. The new product we are introducing into the market is a product from Vuitton Silver Manufacturing Company that sells different types of water flask in Malaysia such as Vacuum water flask and Nano Energy water flask. The product we are introducing is Nano Energy water flask which helps to charge water with high amount of negative ion which are absorb by the body. Due to the fact that more than half of our body consists of water, water is an important element which is needed by everyone. Thus it is important that we consume healthy water daily. Nano Energy water flask can change the water ph level to be alkaline. Other than that, it can also breaks down water molecule into smaller size which then can be easily consume and the taste will be sweet and smooth. Furthermore, alkaline water ca n build up better immune body system thus prevent us from easily infected by diseases. For further information, drinking this energized water often also enhance our body’s metabolism and can concern about our beauty. However, the most important key point in drinking this energized water is keep us away from all kind of diseases. Due to the fact that our warehouse is in the state of Miri, Sarawak, our product can be found in Parkson which is in Sibu, Miri and Kuching. This water flask can be use by children as well as adult. 3.1 Market Analysis Due to the research carried out by the CEC Company, we found out that there is a lot of water flask that were on the market, but their functions are only to keep warm or keep cold. Thus, our company decided to do trading on a new type of water flask, which is for consumers’ health purpose. Another thing that the business concern about is about environmental friendly. 3.2 Seasonality The major of our sales revenues are in February to November. This is because there are no long holidays or school holidays. Thus, the customers might saw the advertisement for our product and purchased them. In the other hand, due to the holiday season such as Celebration or summer break periods, the people might be going out for vacation thus will decrease our sales revenues. 3.3 Competitors There are lots of competitors in the market who have products that perform same function with our product Nano Energy water flask, some of the companies are listed below: I. ENCHANCE PLASTIC INDUSTRY SDN BHD, MALAYSIA II. TAIZHUU GANGLUNG PLASTIC CO.LTD III. KSK GLOBALINK MANUFACTURING SDN BHD IV. ELLEDI (M)SDN BHD V. ZHEJIANG TYSESO INDUSTRY TRADE CO.LTD. VI. YONGKANG SHIQIANG HARDWARE PLASTIC CO.LTD 3.4 Market Overview The major target market of CEC Company is student, workers, athletes and the public in general. Nano Energy water flask produces storages where you can store your water to drink anytime which is tasty. Our product is convenient, easy and collectable, it is also attractive to the eyes as it will be in three colors – silver, red and black which makes the demand for the product higher because it is also affordable in terms of price. Other than that, we also provided telephone ordering for customer’s need. 3.5 SWOT Analysis We carried out an analysis on the market situation on our product with the use of SWOT analysis, which we make improvement in our business. SWOT Analysis represents the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the business. Through SWOT Analysis, it can guide the company to work on our weakness and threats where as maintain our performance regarding the strength and opportunities(citation business management). STRENGTH The strength is an initial factor which increases value for our business. The strength of nano energy water flask is to have been strong enough to get them a higher place in the labor market even with various imitations from other competitors who are in the market or wants to come into the market with similar products. It can be measured using internal assessment. Quality of the brand Strategic location Sustainability of the product Health care Light weigh of the product WEAKNESS Weakness is also an internal factor that decreases the value of the business. We need to analyze our company weaknesses so that we can make improvement based on them. Lack of marketing skill Lack of workers Limited budget Lack of advertisement Consistency of supplier OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities are external factors that add value in the business. The business needs strategies to perform better performance. Expose our products in other countries Special promotion during special events Improve the skills of workers THREATS Threats are the external factors that decrease the value in the business. The business need to be aware of the threats that may be occurred. Existence of substitute goods in the market Delayed of the products due to the transportation problems 3.6 MARKETING PLAN 3.6.1 Production/ Service Target Market The 2 main targets of doing this business are to improve the healthiness of consumers and to concern about the environment. Nano Energy water flask is a good product which helps to transform the water into alkaline water which is good for health. It is also convenient in the aspect of shape and size which makes it very easy to be carried around by anyone who needs a flask to store their water to take to either school or workplace and even to sport arenas. It is a stainless steel bottle which makes it more attractive and presentable. The fact that it is a stainless steel does not mean it going to get rust easily. On the other hand, since the product is made of stainless steel, it can be used for at least one year. Thus, we can be environmental friendly by saving the consumption of plastic water bottle. 3.6.2 Place Although the business is doing trading to Miri, Sibu and Kuching, our main business is in Miri. Nano Energy water flask is classified to be a household product, thus it can be found in Parkson, in the department where they sell household products. We also need a warehouse to store all our products. 3.6.3 Price Vuitton Silver Company supply Nano Energy water flask to the business with the cost of RM15 each. This cost will be derived after the deduction of all the money use in the production of the flask, such as buying of the machinery, steels, wages of employees, vehicle for distribution, insurance, rents and other expenses. After doing the analysis, our company tends to charge RM 28 for the product which can provide profits on every sales and this price can be afforded by customers. 3.6.4 Promotion and Advertisement Our company tends to alert the general public about nano energy water flask through various means in other for them to know about the product. A research was done on the strategies needed to promote the product in the market. As a result, we made use of the following promotional tools in the business. fliers and handbills posters and banners emails and telephone contact 3.7 Evaluation of Market CEC Company carried out an evaluation on the market, using the market strategy which is carried out at the end of every year to analyze the sales data of Nano Energy water flask to see it performances in the aspect of the quantity that has been sold and as well as profits made. Based on the cash flow forecast, we have cash surplus of RM 65,200 during the year. This proved that the promotions and sales have been done effectively. 4.0 OPERATIONS 4.1 Legal and Licensing Requirements (a) Business name and legal structure CEC Trading Ltd is a proprietary limited company. The company structure has already been registered and start up with five shareholders: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya (25% shareholding) Wong Wen Yi (18.75% shareholding) Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi (18.75% shareholding) Damilola (18.75% shareholding) Wong Soon Siong (18.75% shareholding) Who also serve as the directors of the entity. (b) Operating laws and licenses The business needed a license to run the business legally. 4.2 Management Details The managing director of the company will be: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya Home address: 175, Phase 2C1, Desa Senadin, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 656578 Fax: (085) 656579 Date of birth: 25 November 1991 Qualifications: Bachelor of Business (Double Major in Finance and Management) Experience: Management and Financial Advisors and owner of Wealth Spring Consultancies 1997 – 2003 4.3 Organizational Structure and Staffing Most of the job of the business will mainly be done by general manager. A warehouse is needed to store our products. General manager, sales manager and accountant will mainly be working in the warehouse. On the other hand, 3 marketing expertise and 2 drivers are needed in doing sales and also deliverance. General manager  · The duty of a general manager are to manage all business plans and the performance of the employees.  · Salary : RM 1000 à ¼ Sales manager * The duty of a sales manager is to deal and communicate with the owner of parkson in order to know the amount of sales revenue. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Accountant * The duty of accountant is to record the business transactions, summarizing and analyzing to produce financial statement in the end of the period. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Sales advisor * The duty of sales advisor is to approach customers and advise them to buy our product. * Salary : RM 500 à ¼ Driver * The duty of driver is to deliver the products to the destination and also help to transfer the products to the sales department. * Salary : RM500 4.4 Professional Advisers Accountant Sunlight Accountants 55, Sunshine Park, Tun Hussein Onn Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 668 132 Fax: (085) 668 133 Lawyer John Smith 28, Fortune Park, Desa Damai Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 636 732 Fax: (085) 636 735 Insurance broker Bank account May Bank Malasyia 279, Bank Street, Pujut Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Manager: Angeline Tan Ph: (085) 678 588 Fax: (085) 678 579 4.5 Business Premises Location CEC Trading Ltd will acquire a business premise as an office which deals with the paperwork and also warehouse as the storage for stocks and equipments. The ideal location would be located at shop lot where we can store and sell the stock. The premise will be located at Shop Lot 608, Medan Commercial Centre, 98007 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. The price tag for renting the shop lot will be RM 1,500 per month. The shop lot will be repairing and do some painting. The goods that we sell will be distributed to the hypermarket, Parkson in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 4.6 Equipments Required The equipments that required for the business will be: Computers Printers Scanners Internet connections Fax machines Telephones Furniture (table, chair, shelves) The above equipments are some of the basic needs to run the daily business operation. The equipments required will change from time to time. 4.7 Production Processes Our company will get the stock from the supplier, Vuitton Silver. The estimated amount around 1000 of Nano Energy water flasks will be order from the supplier every month. Therefore, all the stocks will be store in the warehouse. Then, the workers will distribute some of the stock to Parkson. The working hour is from 8am to 5pm every day except on public holidays. There are different types of color of the water flask will be sold such as silver, black and red. The product will be sold at RM28 each for every types of color. The selling price is enough to cover all the expenses as the cost price of each water flask is RM 12. It is a reasonable price as these Nano Energy water flask is good for health and can solve the skin problems. However, the office is used as a place for the process of paperwork and storage of documents and equipments. The ordering of our company products and all the documents and accounts will be recorded down and will be kept. All the works in the office work will be done by the clerk and supervise by the manager. 4.8 Critical risks/Contingency Plans CEC Trading Ltd will organize training program to all staff members for professionalism in running the business and also for contingency plans. The training will be on how they going to promote and sell the water flask. Insurance will be bought for business premises. The aim is to recover some assets in case of any accidents such as fires, accidents and thefts as well. Those liability and car accident will be covered by the professional indemnity insurance. The injury to the managing director will be covered by workers compensation. 5.0 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 5.1 Basic Assumptions and Information (a) Calculation of income and expenses Expenses are calculated based on research and management’s knowledge of costs. Income or sales revenue is assumed to be paid within the month issued. The impact of inflation or increases costs is not taking into consideration. Depreciation of equipments purchased and vehicle purchased in June 2010 is calculated using straight-line method, at 10% per annum. Gross cost of goods is RM 168,000. Drawing is RM 200 per month. The projection is for one year and the figures are in Ringgit Malaysia. (b) Financing of the business An investment of RM 28,000 will be invested into the business according to our shareholdings – Vivian Ngu Yen Shya RM 8,000, Wong Soon Siong RM 5,000, Wong Wen Yi RM 5,000, Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi RM 5,000 and Damilola RM 5,000. Sales income for June is based on early promotions, thus providing initial cash surplus and avoid the need for any short term debt financing. The operation financing strategy is showing a cash surplus in the bank accounts with total amounts of RM 70,700. The business will open a cheque account that provides electronic funds transfer facilities for customers. A minimum of two shareholder directors is needed to sign all the cheques for security reasons. (c) Distribution of profits Profits in the first year will be retained in the business. In future years, three quarters of the annual net profit after tax will be paid to the directors at the end of the financial year according to their shareholding and the remaining quarter will be kept as retained earnings. The Sales Mix Forecast, Cash Flow Forecast and The Trading Profit and Loss Statement is prepared according to generally acceptable accounting principles and conventions. (d) Goods and services tax All forecasts are net of tax. (e) Loans The firm has no current loans or debts. 5.2 Analysis of Financial Forecasts (a) Net profit margin is used to measure the company’s ability to earn a net income from sales. The net profit margin is calculated based on the first year of the projections. Net profit margin % = = = 22.18% Since this trading company is running the business for the first year, it is normal to get a relatively low figures of the margin. The margin is expected to increase in the next few years. Other than that, the company can use other ratios to do analysis on the financial statements in the coming years. (b) Break-even point Contribution margin is used to determine the amount of profit that is made towards payment of the fixed cost. Considered that cost of goods sold is the variable cost, the contribution margin is equal to sales minus variable costs. Gross profit margin = = = 57.14% The fixed cost is projected to be RM 102,800. Break-even point in value = == RM 180, 350.88 Accounting 062 May 28, 2010 5.2.1 Sales mix forecast 5.2.2 Cash flow forecast CEC CASH FLOW FORECAST for the period July 2010 to June 2011 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May TOTAL Income Sales revenue RM 12,600 RM 19,600 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 16,800 RM 19,600 RM 28,000 RM 30,800 RM 32,200 RM 32,200 RM 35,000 RM 294,000 Capital 28,000 28,000 Total income 40,600 19,600 22,400 22,400 22,400 16,800 19,600 28,000 30,800 32,200 32,200 35,000 RM322,000 Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Business Idea and Goals CEC Trading Ltd. is a Nano Energy Water Flask trading company in Miri, Sarawak. The products that we sell are water flasks that release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. This company intends to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. It is because the water flasks that this company is selling are one of a kind. It also made up of good quality and the price is very affordable. Three elements that this company concentrates on in order to reach our goal are our customers, our supplier and our employees. The major shareholder of this company (Vivian Ngu) intended to initiate the business with more than 5 employees and sell approximately 10500 water flasks in the first year which will increase in rational amount in the following month. The company intends to generate at least MYR 294,000 in sales revenue and make MYR 65,200 profit in the end of its first year of trading. 1.2 Marketing The main targets of this business are customers; range from students to workers, most likely everyone. Our company has a warehouse for storing the water flasks and we had chosen a strategic place which is situated at Jalan Bintang, Shop Lot No. 68. On the other hand, our company is selling the Nano Energy water flasks in Parkson, which is located in a shopping mall named Bintang Plaza. The reason we chose Bintang Plaza as the main location for our business is because of the huge flow of customers who visit Bintang Plaza daily. 1.3 Products Nano Energy water flasks can release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. It can restore the water’s PH level to the ideal level, which is 7.0 to 7.4. Thus, it will change the water to alkaline water which benefit to health. The Nanotechnology breaks down water molecule into smaller possible size so that they are more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, the taste of the water is smoother, sweeter and easily absorbed by our body cell as osmosis may occur easily. Drinking energized water regularly also kept us away from suffering different kind of health diseases. Moreover, the energized water penetrates deep into the body cells more easily, transfers nutrients to the body more efficient and takes away un-useful product from our body system, thus making us strong and healthy. 1.4 Sales and Promotion Promotion of the business will take place using a variety of methods, including advertising through distributing flyers from school to school, making banner, emails and telephone ordering. We will pay a few workers to distribute flyers from one place to another place. For examples, Curtin University and always all the secondary school in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 1.5 Finance CEC Trading is a self-funding company as the initial shareholdings of RM 8000 will be injected by the major shareholder of the company (Vivian Ngu), and RM 5000 by other shareholders (Damilola, Faiznur Dilan, Wong Wen Yi and Wong Soon Siong). The company estimating the business will always show a positive value of cash surplus in every month for the first year of the operation. The company will not apply for any form of loans from outside party including bank in the first year of the operation. 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 Mission Statement CEC Trading Ltd. is not only aim to be one of the well-known Nano Energy water flasks traders in Malaysia but also aim to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. We want our product which is the unique Nano Energy water flask known as the best water flask in Malaysia as it is a beneficial product and it is made up of good quality. As well as any other company, we also would like to gain profit as much as possible. In order to attain our missions, our company will focus to the followings: 1. The Product: Our good which is Nano Energy Water Flask is made with 304 stainless steel. There is a filter inside the water flask which will be builded up from 13 kinds of natural materials such as tourmaline, zeolites, manifanshi, nano silver powder, kaolin earth, rare earth, far infrared stone, muyu stone, clay and others. The combinations of different kind of natural resources are approved scientifically to give highest efficiency to the water. 2. The Employees: The employees will be trained to do their own role efficiently. They will also be motivated by attending program which then they will produce better performance. 3. The Consumers: We are targeting adult as well as children and ageing people to consume our products since our product is available to any age. We would like to make sure that our customer satisfied with their purchases of the Nano Energy water flasks. For the capital, the amount capital needed to start the business is RM28,000. The amount of capital stated is needed to cover up all of the essential expenses that the business required to set up the business. The sum of capital that stated above is also needed to achieve a positive cash surplus in the first month. 2.2 Company History This is a new business which all started from the observation that we, the shareholders made. We had a discussion and came up with an idea of selling water flasks. The water flasks that our company planning to sell are water flasks with special features and benefits, which are the Nano Energy water flasks. This water flasks release charges of negative ions to the water and it is good for our health. In addition, the reason we chose to sell Nano Energy water flasks is due to the high demand of health products which needs a huge amount of money. On the other hand, we can also save the environment by reducing the use of plastic water bottle. Thus, by combining both of these situations, this company is set up. Furthermore, customers will not have to spend lots of money for their health products; instead they can buy the Nano Energy water flasks which only cost them MYR 28. 2.3 Business Goals The short-term goal of this company is to employ at least 5 persons full time on a salary of approximately MYR 4,900 per month. Our company planned to run our business within Sarawak for a start. The Nano Energy water flasks will be distributed to a few parts of Sarawak which are Miri (the main place of our business), Sibu and also Kuching. Furthermore, our company targeted to sell about 10500 water flasks in a year, which would probably increasing in the following month and gain a net profit at least MYR 65,200 for future investments. For the long term goal, our company wanted to expand the company into a bigger company by selling the Nano Energy water flasks to West Malaysia and Sabah. This is because we want to widen our market range and we would like to gain more profit. In order to achieve our long- term goal, we will analyse our weaknesses and strive to improve our business strategies. 3.0 MARKET CEC company is a trading company that buy product from a manufacturer (whole sellers) then sell to retailers which is to the shop we decided to sell our products. Then we sell our product to consumers. The new product we are introducing into the market is a product from Vuitton Silver Manufacturing Company that sells different types of water flask in Malaysia such as Vacuum water flask and Nano Energy water flask. The product we are introducing is Nano Energy water flask which helps to charge water with high amount of negative ion which are absorb by the body. Due to the fact that more than half of our body consists of water, water is an important element which is needed by everyone. Thus it is important that we consume healthy water daily. Nano Energy water flask can change the water ph level to be alkaline. Other than that, it can also breaks down water molecule into smaller size which then can be easily consume and the taste will be sweet and smooth. Furthermore, alkaline water ca n build up better immune body system thus prevent us from easily infected by diseases. For further information, drinking this energized water often also enhance our body’s metabolism and can concern about our beauty. However, the most important key point in drinking this energized water is keep us away from all kind of diseases. Due to the fact that our warehouse is in the state of Miri, Sarawak, our product can be found in Parkson which is in Sibu, Miri and Kuching. This water flask can be use by children as well as adult. 3.1 Market Analysis Due to the research carried out by the CEC Company, we found out that there is a lot of water flask that were on the market, but their functions are only to keep warm or keep cold. Thus, our company decided to do trading on a new type of water flask, which is for consumers’ health purpose. Another thing that the business concern about is about environmental friendly. 3.2 Seasonality The major of our sales revenues are in February to November. This is because there are no long holidays or school holidays. Thus, the customers might saw the advertisement for our product and purchased them. In the other hand, due to the holiday season such as Celebration or summer break periods, the people might be going out for vacation thus will decrease our sales revenues. 3.3 Competitors There are lots of competitors in the market who have products that perform same function with our product Nano Energy water flask, some of the companies are listed below: I. ENCHANCE PLASTIC INDUSTRY SDN BHD, MALAYSIA II. TAIZHUU GANGLUNG PLASTIC CO.LTD III. KSK GLOBALINK MANUFACTURING SDN BHD IV. ELLEDI (M)SDN BHD V. ZHEJIANG TYSESO INDUSTRY TRADE CO.LTD. VI. YONGKANG SHIQIANG HARDWARE PLASTIC CO.LTD 3.4 Market Overview The major target market of CEC Company is student, workers, athletes and the public in general. Nano Energy water flask produces storages where you can store your water to drink anytime which is tasty. Our product is convenient, easy and collectable, it is also attractive to the eyes as it will be in three colors – silver, red and black which makes the demand for the product higher because it is also affordable in terms of price. Other than that, we also provided telephone ordering for customer’s need. 3.5 SWOT Analysis We carried out an analysis on the market situation on our product with the use of SWOT analysis, which we make improvement in our business. SWOT Analysis represents the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the business. Through SWOT Analysis, it can guide the company to work on our weakness and threats where as maintain our performance regarding the strength and opportunities(citation business management). STRENGTH The strength is an initial factor which increases value for our business. The strength of nano energy water flask is to have been strong enough to get them a higher place in the labor market even with various imitations from other competitors who are in the market or wants to come into the market with similar products. It can be measured using internal assessment. Quality of the brand Strategic location Sustainability of the product Health care Light weigh of the product WEAKNESS Weakness is also an internal factor that decreases the value of the business. We need to analyze our company weaknesses so that we can make improvement based on them. Lack of marketing skill Lack of workers Limited budget Lack of advertisement Consistency of supplier OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities are external factors that add value in the business. The business needs strategies to perform better performance. Expose our products in other countries Special promotion during special events Improve the skills of workers THREATS Threats are the external factors that decrease the value in the business. The business need to be aware of the threats that may be occurred. Existence of substitute goods in the market Delayed of the products due to the transportation problems 3.6 MARKETING PLAN 3.6.1 Production/ Service Target Market The 2 main targets of doing this business are to improve the healthiness of consumers and to concern about the environment. Nano Energy water flask is a good product which helps to transform the water into alkaline water which is good for health. It is also convenient in the aspect of shape and size which makes it very easy to be carried around by anyone who needs a flask to store their water to take to either school or workplace and even to sport arenas. It is a stainless steel bottle which makes it more attractive and presentable. The fact that it is a stainless steel does not mean it going to get rust easily. On the other hand, since the product is made of stainless steel, it can be used for at least one year. Thus, we can be environmental friendly by saving the consumption of plastic water bottle. 3.6.2 Place Although the business is doing trading to Miri, Sibu and Kuching, our main business is in Miri. Nano Energy water flask is classified to be a household product, thus it can be found in Parkson, in the department where they sell household products. We also need a warehouse to store all our products. 3.6.3 Price Vuitton Silver Company supply Nano Energy water flask to the business with the cost of RM15 each. This cost will be derived after the deduction of all the money use in the production of the flask, such as buying of the machinery, steels, wages of employees, vehicle for distribution, insurance, rents and other expenses. After doing the analysis, our company tends to charge RM 28 for the product which can provide profits on every sales and this price can be afforded by customers. 3.6.4 Promotion and Advertisement Our company tends to alert the general public about nano energy water flask through various means in other for them to know about the product. A research was done on the strategies needed to promote the product in the market. As a result, we made use of the following promotional tools in the business. fliers and handbills posters and banners emails and telephone contact 3.7 Evaluation of Market CEC Company carried out an evaluation on the market, using the market strategy which is carried out at the end of every year to analyze the sales data of Nano Energy water flask to see it performances in the aspect of the quantity that has been sold and as well as profits made. Based on the cash flow forecast, we have cash surplus of RM 65,200 during the year. This proved that the promotions and sales have been done effectively. 4.0 OPERATIONS 4.1 Legal and Licensing Requirements (a) Business name and legal structure CEC Trading Ltd is a proprietary limited company. The company structure has already been registered and start up with five shareholders: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya (25% shareholding) Wong Wen Yi (18.75% shareholding) Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi (18.75% shareholding) Damilola (18.75% shareholding) Wong Soon Siong (18.75% shareholding) Who also serve as the directors of the entity. (b) Operating laws and licenses The business needed a license to run the business legally. 4.2 Management Details The managing director of the company will be: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya Home address: 175, Phase 2C1, Desa Senadin, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 656578 Fax: (085) 656579 Date of birth: 25 November 1991 Qualifications: Bachelor of Business (Double Major in Finance and Management) Experience: Management and Financial Advisors and owner of Wealth Spring Consultancies 1997 – 2003 4.3 Organizational Structure and Staffing Most of the job of the business will mainly be done by general manager. A warehouse is needed to store our products. General manager, sales manager and accountant will mainly be working in the warehouse. On the other hand, 3 marketing expertise and 2 drivers are needed in doing sales and also deliverance. General manager  · The duty of a general manager are to manage all business plans and the performance of the employees.  · Salary : RM 1000 à ¼ Sales manager * The duty of a sales manager is to deal and communicate with the owner of parkson in order to know the amount of sales revenue. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Accountant * The duty of accountant is to record the business transactions, summarizing and analyzing to produce financial statement in the end of the period. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Sales advisor * The duty of sales advisor is to approach customers and advise them to buy our product. * Salary : RM 500 à ¼ Driver * The duty of driver is to deliver the products to the destination and also help to transfer the products to the sales department. * Salary : RM500 4.4 Professional Advisers Accountant Sunlight Accountants 55, Sunshine Park, Tun Hussein Onn Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 668 132 Fax: (085) 668 133 Lawyer John Smith 28, Fortune Park, Desa Damai Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 636 732 Fax: (085) 636 735 Insurance broker Bank account May Bank Malasyia 279, Bank Street, Pujut Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Manager: Angeline Tan Ph: (085) 678 588 Fax: (085) 678 579 4.5 Business Premises Location CEC Trading Ltd will acquire a business premise as an office which deals with the paperwork and also warehouse as the storage for stocks and equipments. The ideal location would be located at shop lot where we can store and sell the stock. The premise will be located at Shop Lot 608, Medan Commercial Centre, 98007 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. The price tag for renting the shop lot will be RM 1,500 per month. The shop lot will be repairing and do some painting. The goods that we sell will be distributed to the hypermarket, Parkson in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 4.6 Equipments Required The equipments that required for the business will be: Computers Printers Scanners Internet connections Fax machines Telephones Furniture (table, chair, shelves) The above equipments are some of the basic needs to run the daily business operation. The equipments required will change from time to time. 4.7 Production Processes Our company will get the stock from the supplier, Vuitton Silver. The estimated amount around 1000 of Nano Energy water flasks will be order from the supplier every month. Therefore, all the stocks will be store in the warehouse. Then, the workers will distribute some of the stock to Parkson. The working hour is from 8am to 5pm every day except on public holidays. There are different types of color of the water flask will be sold such as silver, black and red. The product will be sold at RM28 each for every types of color. The selling price is enough to cover all the expenses as the cost price of each water flask is RM 12. It is a reasonable price as these Nano Energy water flask is good for health and can solve the skin problems. However, the office is used as a place for the process of paperwork and storage of documents and equipments. The ordering of our company products and all the documents and accounts will be recorded down and will be kept. All the works in the office work will be done by the clerk and supervise by the manager. 4.8 Critical risks/Contingency Plans CEC Trading Ltd will organize training program to all staff members for professionalism in running the business and also for contingency plans. The training will be on how they going to promote and sell the water flask. Insurance will be bought for business premises. The aim is to recover some assets in case of any accidents such as fires, accidents and thefts as well. Those liability and car accident will be covered by the professional indemnity insurance. The injury to the managing director will be covered by workers compensation. 5.0 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 5.1 Basic Assumptions and Information (a) Calculation of income and expenses Expenses are calculated based on research and management’s knowledge of costs. Income or sales revenue is assumed to be paid within the month issued. The impact of inflation or increases costs is not taking into consideration. Depreciation of equipments purchased and vehicle purchased in June 2010 is calculated using straight-line method, at 10% per annum. Gross cost of goods is RM 168,000. Drawing is RM 200 per month. The projection is for one year and the figures are in Ringgit Malaysia. (b) Financing of the business An investment of RM 28,000 will be invested into the business according to our shareholdings – Vivian Ngu Yen Shya RM 8,000, Wong Soon Siong RM 5,000, Wong Wen Yi RM 5,000, Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi RM 5,000 and Damilola RM 5,000. Sales income for June is based on early promotions, thus providing initial cash surplus and avoid the need for any short term debt financing. The operation financing strategy is showing a cash surplus in the bank accounts with total amounts of RM 70,700. The business will open a cheque account that provides electronic funds transfer facilities for customers. A minimum of two shareholder directors is needed to sign all the cheques for security reasons. (c) Distribution of profits Profits in the first year will be retained in the business. In future years, three quarters of the annual net profit after tax will be paid to the directors at the end of the financial year according to their shareholding and the remaining quarter will be kept as retained earnings. The Sales Mix Forecast, Cash Flow Forecast and The Trading Profit and Loss Statement is prepared according to generally acceptable accounting principles and conventions. (d) Goods and services tax All forecasts are net of tax. (e) Loans The firm has no current loans or debts. 5.2 Analysis of Financial Forecasts (a) Net profit margin is used to measure the company’s ability to earn a net income from sales. The net profit margin is calculated based on the first year of the projections. Net profit margin % = = = 22.18% Since this trading company is running the business for the first year, it is normal to get a relatively low figures of the margin. The margin is expected to increase in the next few years. Other than that, the company can use other ratios to do analysis on the financial statements in the coming years. (b) Break-even point Contribution margin is used to determine the amount of profit that is made towards payment of the fixed cost. Considered that cost of goods sold is the variable cost, the contribution margin is equal to sales minus variable costs. Gross profit margin = = = 57.14% The fixed cost is projected to be RM 102,800. Break-even point in value = == RM 180, 350.88 Accounting 062 May 28, 2010 5.2.1 Sales mix forecast 5.2.2 Cash flow forecast CEC CASH FLOW FORECAST for the period July 2010 to June 2011 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May TOTAL Income Sales revenue RM 12,600 RM 19,600 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 16,800 RM 19,600 RM 28,000 RM 30,800 RM 32,200 RM 32,200 RM 35,000 RM 294,000 Capital 28,000 28,000 Total income 40,600 19,600 22,400 22,400 22,400 16,800 19,600 28,000 30,800 32,200 32,200 35,000 RM322,000